考研英语 学英语,练听力,上听力课堂! 注册 登录
> 考研英语 > 考研英语阅读 >  内容

《考研英语阅读理解100篇 基础版》第6章 教育类 Unit 82

所属教程:考研英语阅读

浏览:

2019年01月21日

手机版
扫描二维码方便学习和分享
 
When it comes to schooling,the Herrera boys are no match for the Herrera girls.Last week,four years after she arrived from Honduras,Martha,20,graduated from Fairfax High School in Los Angeles.She managed decent grades while working 36 hours a week at a Kentucky Fried Chicken.Her sister,Marlin,22,attends a local community college and will soon be a certified nurse assistant.The brothers are a different story.Oscar,17,was expelled two years ago from Fairfax for carrying a knife and later dropped out of a different school.The youngest,Jonathan,15,is now in a juvenile boot camp after running into trouble with the law.“The boys get sidetracked more,” says the kids’ mother,Suyapa Landaverde.“The girls are more confident.”  
This is no aberration.Immigrant girls consistently outperform boys,according to the preliminary findings of a just-completed,five-year study of immigrant children—the largest of its kind,including Latino,Chinese and Haitian kids—by Marcelo and Carola Suarez-Orozco of the Harvard Graduate School of Education. Though that trend holds for U.S.-born kids as well,the reasons for the discrepancy among immigrants are different.The study found that immigrant girls are more adept at straddling cultures than boys.“The girls are able to retain some of the protective features of (their native)culture” because they’re kept closer to the hearth,says Marcelo Suarez-Orozco,“while they maximize their acquisition of skills in the new culture” by helping their parents navigate it.  
Consider the kids’ experiences in school.The study found that boys face more peer pressure to adopt American youth culture—the dress,the slang,the disdain for education.They’re disciplined more often and,as a result,develop more adversarial relationships with teachers—and the wider society.They may also face more debilitating prejudices.One teacher interviewed for the study said that the“cultural awareness training” she received as part of her continuing education included depictions of Latino boys as“aggressive” and“really macho” and of the girls as“pure sweetness.”  
Gender shapes immigrant kids’ experiences outside school as well.Often hailing from traditional cultures,the girls face greater domestic obligations.They also frequently act as“cultural ambassadors,” translating for parents and mediating between them and the outside world,says Carola Suarez-Orozco.An unintended consequence:“The girls get foisted into a responsible role more than the boys do.” Take Christina Im,18,a junior at Fairfax who arrived from South Korea four years ago.She ranks ninth in a class of 400 students and still finds time to fix dinner for the family and work on Saturdays at her mother's clothing shop.Her brother?“He plays computer games,” says Im.  
The Harvard study bears a cautionary note: If large numbers of immigrant boys continue to be alienated academically—and to be clear,plenty perform phenomenally—they risk sinking irretrievably into an economic underclass.Oscar Herrera,Martha's dropout brother,may be realizing that.“I’m thinking of returning to school,” he recently told his mother.He ought to look to his sisters for guidance.  
注(1):本文选自Newsweek;  
注(2):本文习题命题模仿对象为2005年真题Text 1。  
1.In the opening paragraph,the author introduces his topic by ______.  
A) posing a contrast  
B) justifying an assumption  
C) making a comparison  
D) explaining a phenomenon  
2.The statement“they also frequently act as ‘cultural ambassadors’”(Line 2,Paragraph 4)implies that ______.  
A) they work as a translator for their parents  
B) they help their parents have a better understanding of the foreign culture  
C) they encourage their parents to go into the outside world  
D) their parents help them realize their dream of becoming an ambassador  
3.Immigrant boys do not fare well in the outside world because of the following reasons,EXCEPT that ______.  
A) American youth culture has a bad influence on the boys  
B) people have prejudice against them  
C) their sense of responsibility is not as strong as that of the girls  
D) they do not get well along with the teachers and the outside world  
4.Marcelo and Carola Suarez-Orozco have eventually found in their study that ______.  
A) the immigrant boys should not be allowed to go into the outside world  
B) the immigrant boys have no judgment about the youth culture  
C) the immigrant girls do a better job than the immigrant boys  
D) the immigrant boys should be severely disciplined  
5.What can we infer from the last paragraph?  
A) All the dropouts should receive good education.  
B) Many immigrant boys are likely to fall into trouble in the future.  
C) Schooling education has been neglected.  
D) More attention should be paid to the immigrant children.  
 
谈到学业问题,赫蕾拉家的男孩根本无法与女孩比。上周,20岁的马撒从洛杉矶的费尔法克斯高中毕业,她从洪都拉斯来到美国至此已经有4年了。尽管她每周都要在肯德基快餐店工作36个小时,还是取得了相当好的成绩。她的姐姐马林今年22岁,在当地的一所社区大学读书,不久就将成为一名有资格证书的助理护士。她兄弟们的情况就完全不一样了。17岁的奥斯卡两年前因为携带小刀被费尔法克斯学校开除,后又从另一所学校辍学。最小的乔纳森今年15岁,惹上官司后现在在青少年新兵训练营。“这些男孩子多不走正道,”孩子们的母亲苏雅帕·兰达沃尔德说,“而女孩子却越发自信了。”  
这不足为奇。根据哈佛大学教育学研究生院的马赛罗和卡罗拉·苏瑞兹·欧罗科刚刚完成的一项历时五年的初步研究的结果——这项研究是同类研究中规模最大的,研究对象为移民子女,其中包括拉丁美洲人、中国人和海地人——移民女孩子的表现一贯比男孩子出色。虽然这种趋势在美国出生的孩子中也存在,但是在移民中产生这种差异的原因却是不相同的。研究发现,移民女孩子比男孩子更善于包容不同的文化。马赛罗·苏瑞兹·欧罗科说,“女孩子能保留本民族文化里的一些保护性特点”,因为女孩子跟家庭的关系更加紧密,所以在帮助父母跨越这一新文化的过程中,“她们最大限度地获取了新文化带来的技能”。  
关于孩子们在校的表现的研究发现,与女孩子相比,男孩子在接受美国年轻人文化——衣着、俚语以及对教育的蔑视等方面——面临更多的同龄人的压力。他们会受到更多的惩戒,因此,他们跟老师以及外界社会更容易发展成一种敌对关系。他们还可能会面对更多偏见,削弱他们的意志。研究小组采访的一位老师说,她在继续教育中的“文化意识培训”课程把拉丁美洲男孩描述成“好斗的”、“真正大男子主义的”的人,而对女孩子的描述是“清纯可人”。  
性别差异对于移民孩子的课余生活经历也有影响。由于女孩子常常处在传统文化的氛围之中,她们要对家庭承担更多的责任。卡罗拉·苏瑞兹·欧罗科说,她们常常担当“文化大使”的角色,为她们的父母担任翻译,帮助他们与外部世界沟通。这产生了一种意想不到的结果:“与男孩子相比,女孩子不得不承担起更多的责任。”我们以克里斯蒂娜伊·殷为例。她今年18岁,4年前从韩国来到这里,现在是费尔法克斯中学三年级学生。在全班400名学生中,她排名第9位,但她还能抽出时间给她的家人做正餐,每周六还要在她妈妈的服装店里帮忙。她弟弟干什么呢?殷说,“他在打游戏。”  
哈佛大学的研究带着一种警示性口气:如果大量的移民男孩子在学业上继续荒废下去——说得清楚些,有很多人荒废得令人难以置信——他们将来在经济上可能会不可挽回地陷入底层社会。马撒辍学的弟弟奥斯卡·赫雷拉可能已经认识到了这一点。他最近告诉他的母亲说,“我在考虑重新回到学校去。”他应该向他的姐姐们求教指导意见。  
用户搜索

疯狂英语 英语语法 新概念英语 走遍美国 四级听力 英语音标 英语入门 发音 美语 四级 新东方 七年级 赖世雄 zero是什么意思成都市保利叶语英语学习交流群

  • 频道推荐
  • |
  • 全站推荐
  • 推荐下载
  • 网站推荐