VOA慢速英语:农场词汇知识小测

Today we have a vocabulary quiz.

今天我们来个单词测试。

We start with two questions about terms for plants.

首先我们以两个关于植物的短语问题来开始。

First question: What is the name for a plant that lives only one year or one growing season? This kind of plant is called an "annual." Think of an annual report -- a report published just once a year.

第一个问题，那种一年只生长一次或者一季的植物叫什么?这种植物称为一年生植物。参考年度报告来理解，那种一年只发表一次的报告。

You can probably guess the next question. What do we call a plant that produces new growth year after year? Plants that keep growing back are called "perennials." So a perennial is the opposite of an annual. Perennials come back year after year.

你可能会想到下一个问题将会是什么了。那种可以连续一年接一年生长的植物叫什么?这种连续生长的植物叫做多年生植物。所以多年生与一年生植物正好相反。多年生可以一年接着一年的连续生长。

Now some questions about terms for livestock.

下面是关于牲畜的一些短语问题：

What is another name for a male cow? A bull, right? Well, not always. A male cow is usually called a bull only if it still has its reproductive organs. If not, we call it a -- what? The answer: a steer.

雄性奶牛的另一种叫法是什么?公牛对吗?好吧，这种叫法不常用。一只雄性奶牛只有在拥有雄性生殖器的时候通常才会成为公牛。如果没有的话我们把它叫做steer,犍牛(被阉割掉的公牛)。

Next question:

下一个问题：

What is another name for a young cow? A very young cow is called a calf. But a young female cow, especially one that has not had a calf yet, has a special name. Do you know what it is?

怎样称呼一只年轻的奶牛?一只非常小的奶牛叫做小牛犊，但是一只年轻的雌性奶牛，尤其还没有下过牛的奶牛有一个特别的名字。你知道是什么吗?

The answer: a heifer. Maybe you knew that. But here is a question just for our radio and podcast listeners -- can you spell it? Heifer is spelled H-E-I-F-E-R.

答案是：heifer,小母牛。可能你已经知道这种叫法了。但是现在给听众们提出的问题是，你能拼写出这个单词吗?小母牛这样拼写H-E-I-F-E-R.

Cows, like all mammals, lactate. Our next question is: do you know what that means? To lactate means to produce milk. Cows lactate for up to ten months. In milk, fat rises to the top. But some people do not like to drink milk that way. So there is a process that reduces the size of the fat particles and mixes them all through the milk. This process has a name -- a long name. What is it? It's "homogenization."

像所有哺乳动物一样，奶牛可以产奶的。我们下一个问题就是：你知道这意味着什么吗?分泌乳汁就是可以产奶。奶牛产奶时间可以长达10个月。在牛奶中包含着大量脂肪。但是一些人不喜欢这样喝牛奶。所以就有了一个程序来减少牛奶中的脂肪颗粒将其与牛奶充分混合。这个过程有一个专有名字，一个很长的名字。是什么?这个名字就是“均质化”

Still with us? OK, another question.

大家还在听吗?好接下来下一个问题。

Milk can be made into cheese. Some people like cheese made with milk from a sheep. What do you call a female sheep? The answer: a ewe, spelled E-W-E.

牛奶可以加工制成奶酪。一些人喜欢用羊奶做的奶酪。那么一只雌性绵羊叫做什么呢?答案是，母绵羊，E-W-E。

Male sheep have their own name. A male sheep is a -- what? A ram. Rams and ewes produce lambs. A lamb is a sheep less than a year old. But what do you call the meat from a sheep over a year old? We call it "mutton."

雄性绵羊有他们自己的名字。一只雄性绵羊是，什么?雄性绵羊是“ram”，公羊。公羊和母羊共同生产小羊羔。一只小羊羔是不到一岁的绵羊。但是一只一岁以上的绵羊产生的肉叫什么呢?我们叫做mutton,羊肉。

Age also plays a part in terms for horses. For example, a mare is generally a female three years or older. But what do you call a female horse under three?

年龄对马的称呼来讲也有区分。例如，mare,一匹母马是指三岁及以上的雌性马。那么不到三岁的雌性马叫什么呢?

The answer: a filly. And for extra credit: do you know the name for a male horse under four? A colt.

叫filly,小母马。再补充一点，你知道一匹四岁一下的雄性马叫什么吗?叫colt,小马驹。

I'm Marsha James.

Jeri Watson wrote this report in VOA Learning English. Avi Arditti edited it.