VOA慢速英语: 组织论文（双语）

写大学论文

This is the VOA Learning English EDUCATION REPORT.

这里是美国之音慢速英语的教育报道。

Many students say there is no easy way to write college papers. This may be especially true if English is not your first language. Most teachers agree that there is no single correct way to create a personal essay or research paper. But there are methods to help you structure your papers.

许多大学生说写论文没那么容易，特别是对于那些英语不是母语的人来说，更不易。大多数老师一致同意没有什么单一、又正确的方法写一篇个人短文或者研究论文。但是有办法帮助你写论文结构。

One way often used to structure writing is the traditional five-paragraph essay. Many students learn this form in middle and high school. The paragraphs follow conventions or established rules.

写作结构通常用到的是传统的五段短文，很多学生从初高中开始学习这种形式，段落有既定的规则。

The first paragraph is introductory. It tells the reader what the paper is about. It is followed by three paragraphs containing evidence that support the writer's argument. The final paragraph is the conclusion. It provides a reasoned opinion based on the evidence.

第一段是引言。告诉读者论文讲的是什么，紧接着三段论述论据支持作者的论点。最后一段是总结，基于论据提出一个理性的观点。

Allison Cummings teaches English at Southern New Hampshire University. She is among many professors who find this form too simple for college work. Still, on the positive side, Ms. Cummings says the five-paragraph essay form teaches a student some tools for writing a paper. She says the form teaches the need for the opening statement or thesis. This thesis tells the reader what will come next.

艾莉森·卡明斯在南部新罕布什尔大学教英语，许多老师包括她都觉得这种形式的论文对大学生来说太简单了。不过从积极的方面来说，卡明说五段的论文模式教给学生写论文的一些写作模式。她说这个“五段”的论文模式适合需要开篇点题的论文。论题会告诉读者接下来会说些什么。

In addition students who have learned to write a five-paragraph essay know they must provide evidence. And Ms. Cummings says the writer will know a conclusion is required.

除此之外，学生了解到写五段的论文必须给出论据。卡明斯说作者给出论据就需要有个结论。

But she also says the five-paragraph essay falls far short of college writing needs.

但是她还表示一个五段的论文模式远远达不到大学的写作要求。

“Most of the subjects that students are asked to write about are going to involve more paragraphs, and more points and more complexities.”

“学生问到的问题涉及到论文中包含更多的段落、论点和更错综复杂的论文结构。”

So if a traditional method for structuring a research paper does not work, what steps can help you structure your writing. Ms. Cummings’ students learn several ways to organize their papers. The pace at which they learn differs.

那么如果传统的写作研究论文的结构行不通，那采取什么方法来写作论文结构呢？卡明斯的学生学到多种方法来组织论文，与以往学到的方法不同。

Ms. Cummings says doing research for a paper help some students in their writing. The teacher says noting the way the research is structured can help students organize their own writing.

卡明斯说为论文做些研究能够帮助学生写作，老师指出研究结构有助于学生组织他们的写作。

“They will read articles and see what other people argue about whatever issues they are writing on and get a sense of what the points out there, what the debates are out there, and then let that structure what they come up with.”

“他们会读些文章，看别人写的文章里谈论到的问题，然后从中得到论点，论据，然后思考一下他们能想到的写作结构。”

Allison Cummings offers sample outlines -- examples for organizing papers.

艾莉森·卡明斯给学生提供写作、组织论文结构的样本。

“If they want to use them, they are free to follow that kind of standard template.”

“如果他们想用这些写作样本结构，可以模仿这些标准模板。”

Ms. Cummings also provides her students with examples of successful and unsuccessful student papers. That way her class can see what works in a piece of writing and what does not.

卡明斯还给学生提供一些成功的学生论文样本和一些失败的学生论文样本。这样学生能明白那一种写作摸板可以借鉴使用，哪一种模板不合适。

And that's the VOA Learning English EDUCATION REPORT. I'm Jerri Watson.

这是美国之音慢速英语的教育报道。我是杰瑞·瓦特森。