VOA慢速英语: 老龄化将会降低未来数十年的全球经济增长速度（双语）
Aging Will Reduce Economic Growth Worldwide in Coming Decades
老龄化将会降低未来数十年的全球经济增长速度
From VOA Learning English, this is the Economics Report.
这里是美国之音慢速英语经济报道。
The world is getting older. As more people retire each year, fewer working-age people will be there to replace them. This has effects not only in the work place but in the world finance. The bond rating agency Moody's says the aging population will lead to a drop in household savings. This could mean that total investments will fall and economic growth could slow.
世界在变老，随着每年越来越多的人退休，越来越少的劳动力可以去替代他们。这种影响不仅涉及到工作职场，还影响到世界金融。债券评级机构的穆迪称，人口老龄化将会导致家庭储蓄的减少。这就可能意味着投资总额将下降，以及经济增长速度可能会放缓。
Some reports have described Japan, Italy and Germany as the world's "Super Aged" nations. That is the name for countries in which at least 20 percent of the population is at least 65 years old.
一些报道称，日本、意大利和德国是世界上“超高龄”的国家。“超高龄”国家是指那些国家中有20%的65岁以上人的国家。
Elena Duggar is head of Moody's Sovereign Risk Division. She says changes in many populations are taking place quickly.
艾琳娜·达格尔是穆迪公司主权风险部门的主管，她称，许多人口正在发生迅速的变化。
"The demographic transition is upon us now and its progressing, by historical standards, quite rapidly," Duggar said.
达格尔说：“现在人口结构转型即将来临，正在不断发展中，从历史标准来看，其进程还相当迅速。”
In five years, six more countries will join the list of "Super Aged" nations. And 34 nations will be super aged by the year 2030.
在未来5年内，将有6个国家会加入“超高龄”国家的行列，而且到2030年，还会有34个国家会成为“超高龄”国家。
Elena Duggar says this will have a big influence on labor and savings.
艾琳娜·达格尔称，这将会对劳动力和储蓄产生巨大影响。
"That will translate into reductions in labor supply. At the same time aging means that the household savings rates will go down, which will negatively impact on investment. Both trends put together would mean that aging will have a significant negative impact on global growth," Duggar said.
达格尔说：“这会使得劳动力供给量的减少。与此同时，老龄化意味着家庭储蓄利率将会降低，这还将会对投资产生负面影响。这两种趋势合起来就意味着老龄化将会对全球经济的增长产生重大的负面影响。”
The Conference Board reports on business conditions around the world. It says an aging population could reduce world economic growth by one percent in the next ten years.
世界大型企业联合会对全球的经济状况进行报道称，在未来10年，人口老龄化可能会使得世界经济增长速度减缓1%。
Kishore Kulkarni is with the Metropolitan State University of Denver. He says immigration is one way to reduce the effects of an aging population. Older adults spend money differently than younger ones. And experts say that difference affects the economies of countries.
基肖尔·库尔卡尼在丹佛大都会州立大学任职，他称，移民是减少人口老龄化影响的一种方法。老年人花钱不同于年轻人，专家们称，这种差异会影响到国家经济。
But Kishore Kulkarni believes that specialized career training and productivity gains from technology could make up for the drop in the number of workers. He says the problems of an aging population represent only a mismatching or misalignment of the demand for goods.
但是基肖尔·库尔卡尼认为，专业职业培训和由技术所带动的生产率增长可以弥补工人数量下降所带来的影响。他称，人口老龄化的问题只是对商品需求的错位。
"It is a misalignment of demand rather than a total and a drastic change in the demand. And it is a challenge which we can easily accept and tackle as it comes to us," Kulkarni said.
库尔卡尼说：“它是需求的一种错位，而不是需求的彻底变化和急剧变化。当它到来时，我们可以轻松接受并解决这一挑战。”
He also says that an aging population will be less of a problem in countries where older people are highly valued. And most experts agree that younger workers will have to work longer and retire later than today's older workers.
他还称，人口老龄化对于那些对老年人高度重视的国家来说，并不会构成什么大问题。而且大多数专家一致认为，年轻的工人将会不得不工作更长的时间，甚至会推迟退休年龄。
And that's the Economics Report from VOA Learning English. I'm Mario Ritter.
这就是本期的美国之音慢速英语经济报道的全部内容，我是马里奥·里特。
[page]听力原文[/page]
Aging Will Reduce Economic Growth Worldwide in Coming Decades
From VOA Learning English, this is the Economics Report.
The world is getting older. As more people retire each year, fewer working-age people will be there to replace them. This has effects not only in the work place but in the world finance. The bond rating agency Moody's says the aging population will lead to a drop in household savings. This could mean that total investments will fall and economic growth could slow.
Some reports have described Japan, Italy and Germany as the world's "Super Aged" nations. That is the name for countries in which at least 20 percent of the population is at least 65 years old.
Elena Duggar is head of Moody's Sovereign Risk Division. She says changes in many populations are taking place quickly.
"The demographic transition is upon us now and its progressing, by historical standards, quite rapidly," Duggar said.
In five years, six more countries will join the list of "Super Aged" nations. And 34 nations will be super aged by the year 2030.
Elena Duggar says this will have a big influence on labor and savings.
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"That will translate into reductions in labor supply. At the same time aging means that the household savings rates will go down, which will negatively impact on investment. Both trends put together would mean that aging will have a significant negative impact on global growth," Duggar said.
The Conference Board reports on business conditions around the world. It says an aging population could reduce world economic growth by one percent in the next ten years.
Kishore Kulkarni is with the Metropolitan State University of Denver. He says immigration is one way to reduce the effects of an aging population. Older adults spend money differently than younger ones. And experts say that difference affects the economies of countries.
But Kishore Kulkarni believes that specialized career training and productivity gains from technology could make up for the drop in the number of workers. He says the problems of an aging population represent only a mismatching or misalignment of the demand for goods.
"It is a misalignment of demand rather than a total and a drastic change in the demand. And it is a challenge which we can easily accept and tackle as it comes to us," Kulkarni said.
He also says that an aging population will be less of a problem in countries where older people are highly valued. And most experts agree that younger workers will have to work longer and retire later than today's older workers.
And that's the Economics Report from VOA Learning English. I'm Mario Ritter.
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