为何男性加薪轻而易举女性加薪却难于登天?

　　Women are as likely as men to ask for a pay rise - but are less likely to get one, the research found.

　　这项研究发现，女性会像男性一样要求加薪--但是加薪成功的情况却要少得多。

　　The study, by the Cass Business School and the universities of Warwick and Wisconsin, looked at 4,600 workers.

　　这项研究由卡斯商学院、华威大学、以及威斯康星大学主导进行，调查研究了4600名工人。

　　It found "no support" for the "reticent female" theory, whereby women avoided asking for more money.

　　该项研究表明“没有证据”能够支持“沉默的女人”理论，该理论认为妇女会避免要求加薪。

　　For what it claimed was the first time, the study eliminated any impact from part-time workers earning less than their full-time counterparts, by comparing full-time males with full-time females, and part-time males with part-time females.

　　这份研究具有开创性，排除了兼职工人收入少于全职工人的影响，将全职男性工人和全职女性工人、兼职男性工人和兼职女性工人进行了比较。

　　When like-for-like male and female workers were compared, men were 25% more likely to get a pay rise when they asked, the study found.

　　该项研究发现，当同为兼职或全职的男女工人相比，当他们要求加薪时，男性获得加薪的几率要高25%。

　　The research also concluded there was no evidence for the idea that women were reluctant to ask for a salary increase because they were more wary of upsetting their boss, or deviating from a perceived female stereotype.

　　同时这项研究还做出结论，指出没有证据证明女性由于担忧惹怒老板、或者偏离女性固有形象而不愿意要求加薪。

　　When analysing the results, the researchers took into account the size of the employer and the industry, whether the workers were a parent, as well as their qualifications.

　　当分析结果的时候，研究员们记录下了雇主的数量和行业的规模、工人们是否为人父母、以及工人的资质。

　　The study was based on data from the 2013-14 Australian workplace relations survey. Australia is thought to be the only country to systematically record whether employees had asked for a pay rise, and why they had or had not done so.

　　这项研究基于2013-2014年澳大利亚职场关系调查的数据。澳大利亚被认为是唯一一个会系统地记录下员工是否要求加薪、为什么或为什么不要求加薪的国家。

　　Andrew Oswald, professor of economics and behavioural science at the University of Warwick, said he was surprised by the findings.

　　华威大学经济学和行为科学教授安德鲁·奥斯瓦尔德表示说，他对这些结果感到非常吃惊。

　　"The fact that women don’t ask for pay rises as often as men is a popular theory. It’s a very common thing for women to say and believe, but all of the evidence is anecdotal, so it’s very hard scientifically to do a proper test of this."

　　“人们普遍相信女性不像男性那样频繁地要求加薪。这是一件关于女性的非常普通的事情，很多人都这样说，很多人也就这样相信了，但是所有的证据都是谣传，因此要想合乎科学地对这一理论做一个妥当的检验非常困难。”

　　’Pure discrimination’

　　“纯歧视”。

　　He said one possibility was that men who asked for a pay rise, but did not get it, kept it to themselves, while women "were more straightforward and tell their friends".

　　他揭示了一种可能性，男性要求加薪没有成功，那么他会保守这个秘密闭口不谈，但是女性却“更加心直口快、弄得人尽皆知。”

　　"Having seen these findings, I think we have to accept that there is some element of pure discrimination against women," Prof Oswald added.

　　奥斯瓦尔德说道：“看到这些结果，我想我们应该接受这一事实--这里面存在着针对女性的纯粹歧视因素。”

　　"It could be that Australia is odd. But it’s a modern industrial economy halfway in character between Britain and the US, so I think that’s unlikely."

　　“这很有可能是因为澳大利亚是奇葩。但是澳大利亚的现代工业经济处于英国和美国之间，因此我认为那是不可能的。”

　　The study also found differences according to age, with women and men under 40 both asking for and receiving pay rises at the same rate, which the researchers said could mean that negotiating behaviour had started to change.

　　这项研究还发现年龄对结果也有影响，40岁以下的男女要求加薪的话，他们加薪成功的几率一样大，研究员们指出这可能是因为谈判行为已经开发发生变化了。

　　Dr Amanda Goodall from Cass Business School - part of City, University of London - and a co-author of the study, said: "The study potentially has an upside. Young women today are negotiating their pay and conditions more successfully than older females, and perhaps that will continue as they become more senior."

　　伦敦城市大学卡斯商学院的阿曼达·古德尔博士是该项研究的共同作者，他说道：“这份研究有进一步上升的空间。相比于年长的女性来说，现在年轻女性在对自己的收入和境遇进行谈判的时候要更加成功一些，而等到她们也变老的时候这一现象可能仍然会持续下去。”