九部门联合发文要求招聘时不得询问女性婚育情况

Job hunters seek positions and information at a career fair in Huaibei, Anhui province. [Photo by Wan Shanchao/For China Daily]

A notice jointly released by nine bodies — including the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Ministry of Education, the All-China Women’s Federation, and the Supreme People’s Court — prohibits companies from prioritizing any candidate or rejecting any application based on gender. Employers can face fines of up to 50,000 yuan for publishing job ads with sexist requirements, while recruiting agencies may have their work permits revoked for severe discriminatory practices.

人社部、教育部、全国妇联以及最高法等九部门联合发文，禁止企业在招聘时限定性别或性别优先。用人单位发布含有性别歧视内容招聘信息的，或将面临最高5万元罚款，情节严重的人力资源服务机构，将被吊销人力资源服务许可证。

英语中的sexism一词指的是prejudice or discrimination based on sex(基于性别的偏见或歧视)，尤其指针对女性的歧视(discrimination against women)，抱有这种性别歧视态度的人就称为sexist。“性别歧视”更正式一些的说法是gender discrimination。而提倡性别平等(gender equality)，抵制性别歧视的人群则是feminist(女权主义者)，他们所倡导的理念就是feminism(女权主义)。

通知提出，各类用人单位、人力资源服务机构在招聘过程中不得询问妇女婚育情况(asking female applicants about their marital or childbearing status)，不得将妊娠测试作为入职体检项目(requiring new employees to take pregnancy tests)，不得将限制生育作为录用条件(restricting births as a condition of employment)，不得差别化地提高对妇女的录用标准。

通知指出：

Gender equality is the basic national policy of our country. Promoting equal employment for women is conducive to promoting women’s wider and deeper participation in social and economic activities and enhancing social productivity and economic vitality.

男女平等是我国基本国策。促进妇女平等就业，有利于推动妇女更加广泛深入参加社会和经济活动，提升社会生产力和经济活力。

通知特别提到，要加强监察执法，依法惩处侵害女职工孕期、产期、哺乳期特殊劳动保护权益行为(workplace rights protection during pregnancy, child birth and baby nursing period)。

同时，通知还提出将用人单位、人力资源服务机构因发布含有性别歧视内容的招聘信息接受行政处罚等情况纳入人力资源市场诚信记录(credit record of human resources market)，依法实施失信惩戒。

【相关词汇】

性别歧视 gender discrimination

性别平等 gender equality

婚育情况 marital or childbearing status

就业歧视 employment discrimination

男女平权 equal rights for men and women

性别收入差距 gender pay gap

性别刻板印象 gender stereotype