“共和国勋章”和国家荣誉称号建议人选公示 屠呦呦、袁隆平等入选

今年是中华人民共和国成立70周年，党中央决定，首次开展国家勋章(the Medal of the Republic)和国家荣誉称号(national titles of honor)集中评选颁授，隆重表彰一批为新中国建设和发展作出杰出贡献的功勋模范人物。

Chinese scientist Tu Youyou, winner of the 2015 Nobel Prize for the discovery of artemisinin, at her home in Beijing. [Photo/Xinhua]

Chinese scientist Tu Youyou, winner of the 2015 Nobel Prize for the discovery of artemisinin, has been nominated for China's Medal of the Republic.

因发现青蒿素而获得2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的我国科学家屠呦呦入选“共和国勋章”建议名单。

Besides Tu, seven other role models have been nominated for the honor, including Zhang Fuqing, a 94-year-old war hero who served as a soldier in the Chinese People's Liberation Army during the Liberation War (1946-49) and was twice awarded the title of "Combat Hero", and Yuan Longping, a Chinese agricultural expert who is also called the "father of hybrid rice".

除屠呦呦以外，入选“共和国勋章”建议名单的还有94岁的张富清以及我国农业专家、“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平等七人。张富清在解放战争的枪林弹雨中多次荣立战功，荣获“战斗英雄”称号两次。

Another 28 figures have been nominated for a national honorary title.

另有28人入选国家荣誉称号建议人选。

Nan Rendong was the chief scientist of the project. [Photo provided to China Daily]

Among the candidates are Nan Rendong, the founding scientist of China's Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST); Tung Chee-hwa, the first chief executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; and Cheng Kaijia, a nuclear weapons expert who participated in experiments of the country's first atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb and the combination of the two bombs.

其中包括500米口径球面射电望远镜(FAST)工程概念提出者南仁东，香港特别行政区首位行政长官董建华，以及我国核武器事业的开拓者、参与和主持首次原子弹、氢弹试验，以及“两弹”结合飞行试验的核武器专家程开甲。

【我国的功勋荣誉表彰体系】

自党的十八大以来，为建立起中国特色功勋荣誉表彰体系，党中央确立了“1+1+3”的制度建设方案。即，党中央制定一个指导性文件，全国人大常委会制定一部法律，有关方面分别制定党内、国家、军队3个功勋荣誉表彰条例。

当前，中国确立了以“五章一簿”为主干的统一、规范、权威的功勋荣誉表彰制度体系。

“五章”是指“共和国勋章(the Medal of the Republic)”、“七一勋章(the July 1 Medal)”、“八一勋章(the August 1 Medal)”、“友谊勋章(the Friendship Medal)”以及国家荣誉称号(national titles of honor);“一簿”是指功勋簿(Book of Merit)。

“共和国勋章(the Medal of the Republic)”

授予为党、国家和人民的事业作出巨大贡献、功勋卓著的杰出人士(those with great contributions and distinguished service for the Party, the country and the people)，这是根据宪法法律规定，由全国人大常委会决定、国家主席签发证书并颁授的国家勋章，是国家最高荣誉(the highest honor of the country)。

“七一勋章(the July 1 Medal)”

授予在中国特色社会主义伟大事业和党的建设新的伟大工程中作出杰出贡献的党员(CPC members who have made great contributions to the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the construction of the CPC)，这是由中共中央决定、中共中央总书记签发证书并颁授的党内最高荣誉(the highest honor of the CPC)。

“八一勋章(the August 1 Medal)”(于2017年7月28日首次颁授)

授予在维护国家主权、安全、发展利益，推进国防和军队现代化建设中建立卓越功勋的军队人员(servicemen and women who have strongly safeguarded the country's sovereignty, national security and benefit, and who have made outstanding contributions to the development of national defense and the modernization of the military)，这是由中央军委决定、中央军委主席签发证书并颁授的军队最高荣誉(the highest honor of the military)。

2017年7月28日，在中国人民解放军建军90周年之际，中央军委首次颁授“八一勋章”，麦贤得、马伟明、李中华、王忠心、景海鹏、程开甲、韦昌进、王刚、冷鹏飞、印春荣等同志为第一批荣获“八一勋章”的同志。

“友谊勋章(the Friendship Medal)”(于2018年6月8日首次颁授)

授予为我国社会主义现代化建设和促进中外交流合作、维护世界和平作出杰出贡献的外国人(foreigners who have made outstanding contributions to China's socialist modernization drive, promoted exchange and cooperation between China and the world, and helped maintain world peace)，为国家最高荣誉。

2018年6月8日，国家主席习近平向俄罗斯总统普京授予首枚“友谊勋章”。

国家荣誉称号(national titles of honor)

授予在经济、社会、国防、外交、教育、科技、文化、卫生、体育等各领域各行业作出重大贡献、享有崇高声誉的杰出人士(prominent figures who have made great contributions and earned reputations in fields such as economy, society, national defense, diplomacy, education, science, culture, health and sports)。

功勋簿(Book of Merit)

为记载上述功勋荣誉获得者及其功绩(to keep a record of these medal recepients and their achievements)，还专门设立了党、国家、军队功勋簿。