防沉迷、防欺凌，未成年人保护法修订草案增设“网络保护”

Students play with mobile phones during their visit to Beijing Museum of Natural History in Beijing on July 26, 2015. [Photo/VCG]

In a new chapter named "Internet Protection", legislators began by giving a nod to minors' proper internet use. The 11-clause chapter lays out duties for governments, schools, parents and digital service providers as to their responsibilities in navigating youngsters through cyberspace.

新增设的“网络保护”专章明确，国家保护未成年人合理使用网络的权利。这一章共11条，规定了政府、学校、家长以及数字服务供应商在引导青少年使用网络的责任。

【单词讲解】

Minor这个词用法很多，可以用作动词、名词和形容词。在法律上，minor指未满18岁的人，即“未成年人”。在学校里，minor可以指“辅修(课程)”或者“辅修生”，与major(专业)相对，比如，I'm minoring in computer science./Computer science is my minor.(我辅修计算机科学。)用作形容词的时候，minor也是与major相对的，表示“次要的、轻微的、小的”，比如，She played a number of minor roles in films.(她在电影里扮演过一些小角色。)

草案规定，学校、社区、图书馆、文化馆、青少年宫等场所为未成年人提供的公益性互联网上网服务设施，应当安装未成年人上网保护软件(install software to protect minors from harmful information)。

国家鼓励和支持有利于未成年人健康成长的网络内容的创作与传播，鼓励和支持专门以未成年人为服务对象、适合未成年人身心发展特点的网络技术、设备、产品、服务的研发、生产和使用(develope technologies, devices and services tailored to children's needs)。

Service providers were ordered to offer designs that will allow parents or other guardians to monitor children's time and money spent on online platforms and stop them from internet addiction.

网络产品和服务提供者应当设置相应的时间管理、消费管理等功能，为父母或者其他监护人预防和干预未成年人沉迷网络提供便利。

The chapter forbids threats, insults and attacks of minors in written, visual or audio forms and empowered parents and other guardians to demand service providers to remove such content.

草案规定，任何组织或者个人不得通过网络以文字、图片、音视频等形式侮辱、诽谤、威胁未成年人，受害未成年人的父母或者其他监护人可以要求网络信息服务提供者及时采取删除、屏蔽等措施，停止侵害。

【相关词汇】

未成年人权益 minor's rights and interests

未成年人身心健康 physical and mental health of youngsters

校园欺凌 school bullying

留守儿童 left-behind children

防沉迷系统 anti-addiction system