每日一词∣降低存款准备金率 cut the reserve requirement ratio

China's central bank decided on Wednesday to inject more than 800 billion yuan into the financial sector by reducing the amount of cash financial institutions must keep in reserve. The move is designed to maintain "reasonably ample" liquidity and lower financing costs for the real economy. The central bank has cut the reserve requirement ratio eight times since early 2018.

中国人民银行总部。(图片来源：视觉中国)

【知识点】

存款准备金是指金融机构为保证客户提取存款和资金清算需要而准备的在中央银行的存款。中央银行要求的存款准备金占其存款总额的比例就是存款准备金率。中国人民银行通过调整存款准备金率，可以影响金融机构的信贷扩张能力，从而间接调控货币供应量。

中国人民银行决定于1月6日下调金融机构存款准备金率0.5个百分点。此次降准保持流动性合理充裕，有利于实现货币信贷、社会融资规模增长同经济发展相适应，为高质量发展和供给侧结构性改革营造适宜的货币金融环境，并且用市场化改革办法疏通货币政策传导，有利于激发市场主体活力，进一步发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，支持实体经济发展。

【重要讲话】

金融要为实体经济服务，满足经济社会发展和人民群众需要。经济是肌体，金融是血脉，两者共生共荣。

Finance should play its role in serving the real economy, catering to economic and social development while meeting the needs of the people. The economy and finance are interdependent and should grow and thrive together.

——2019年2月23日，习近平主持中共中央政治局第十三次集体学习

【相关词汇】

金融供给侧结构性改革

the supply-side structural reform of the financial sector

稳健的货币政策

prudent monetary policy

收入分配

distribution of income