国家地理:旅游业发展威胁吴哥窟未来

Cambodia’s ancient temples at Angkor Wat are under threat from the large numbers of tourists who are now visiting the site. There are fears that ongoing damage to the temples’ soft stone may mean they could eventually be destroyed.
The temples at Angkor Wat are considered among the best surviving examples of ancient religious architecture in the world. The temples were built about a thousand years ago. And relief work on the walls tells of the many threats the ancient empire survived throughout the centuries. But today a new threat to the temples comes from mass tourism. Thousands of tourists now visit the area every day.
Local restaurant owner M. believes that too many people walking on the stones are damaging the temples. “Mass tourism destroys any monuments and especially Khmer monuments for a very simple reason - the sandstone on which I sit with my nail. So imagine millions of people walking on them. ”
Professor Jacque G. has been excavating in and around the ancient city for five years. He says vehicle pollution affects the stone as well. “Everybody goes at the same time to see the Bayon, everybody goes at the same time to see the Bakeng, everybody enters the city of Angkor Thom at the same spot.”
Professor G. recently drew up plans for new type of tourism at Angkor Wat, but says that so far his recommendations have been ignored. “You can extend new type of tourism with the forest - a kind of ecological and archaeological tourism. New itineraries with new ways of transportation, with elephants, with bicycles - make some excavations at some points, explain to people where they are in the city. ”
The authorities say they are working hard to protect the temples. Some stairways have now been boarded over and other areas are closed to tourists. But R. says that more must be done.
“We need to learn from the advice-how to increase the techniques, how to put more ways, how to protect longer time, how to get people to understand especially awareness to the tourists. When they come they have to understand how to protect together.”
With tourist numbers at Angkor Wat growing every year, most agree more needs to be done if the temples are to be protected for future generations.
由于游客众多，位于柬埔寨吴哥窟的古庙备受威胁。相关方面担忧，庙宇柔软的石头持续受到损坏，可能导致古庙最终完全毁坏。
吴哥窟古庙被认为是世界上目前保存最好的宗教类建筑。这些古庙建于大约1000年前，墙壁上的信仰故事讲述了几个世纪以来的古代国王，这些墙壁在诸多威胁中留存下来。但是，现在这些庙宇面临着来自游客的新的威胁。现在，每天有数千名游客来此观光。
当地一个餐馆老板M.说，每天太多人来来往往，踩在那些石头上，这样损坏了那些古庙。“众多游客可以毁坏任何纪念碑，尤其是谷美尔人的纪念碑，原因很简单——我脚下踩的这些砂岩。所以，可以想象一下数百万人在上面践踏。”
Jacque G.教授5年来一直在挖掘研究这座古城。他说，机动车污染也对这些石头造成影响。“大家都在同一时间去看Bayon，同一时间去看Bakeng，大家都来到吴哥窟的同一个地方。”
Jacque G.教授最近起草了一份吴哥窟新的旅游模式计划书，但是他说，他的建议一直没有得到政府重视。“可以利用森林来发展新的旅游项目——一种生态学的，考古学的旅游。新的旅程可以有新的交通方式，比如大象，自行车——在一些地放可以进行发掘，可以向游客介绍他们在城市中的哪个方位。”
当局表示，他们尽心竭力来保护这些庙宇。他们已经在经典铺设了一些楼梯，其他一些经典已经不对游客开放。但是R.说仍然还有很多工作要做。
“我们应该听取建议——怎样增加技术性，怎样投入更多的方式，怎样更长久的保护，怎样引起人们尤其是游客的理解。他们来到这里，必须理解怎样共同保护这些遗产。”
随着吴哥窟的游客数量逐年增加，大多数人同意，为了后人，必须采取更多措施来保护这些庙宇。