《孙子兵法》第4期:第一章 始计(4)

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始记篇 NO.4：

故校之以七计，而索其情。

曰：主孰有道?将孰有能?天地孰得?法令孰行?兵众孰强?士卒孰练?赏罚孰明?

吾以此知胜负矣。

这句啥意思：

所以，要通过对双方各种情况的考察分析，并据此加以比较，从而来预测战争胜负。

哪一方的君主是有道明君，能得民心?哪一方的将领更有能力?哪一方占有天时地利?哪一方的法规、法令更能严格执行?哪一方资源更充足，装备更精良，兵员更广大?哪一方的士兵训练更有素，更有战斗力?哪一方的赏罚更公正严明?

通过这些比较，我就知道了胜负。

英文这么说：

Therefore, in your deliberations, when seeking to determine the military conditions, let thembe made the basis of a comparison, in this wise:--

Which of the two sovereigns is imbued with the Moral law? Which of the two generals has mostability? With whom lie the advantages derived from Heaven and Earth? On which side isdiscipline most rigorously enforced? Which army is stronger? On which side are officers andmen more highly trained? In which army is there the greater constancy both in reward andpunishment?

By means of these seven considerations I can forecast victory or defeat.

《豆瓣书评》

做一件复杂的需要慎重考虑的事情，可以把它分解为不同的部分，每个部分又可从细分成更小的部分一一加以考虑。要考虑各个环节，不仅仅要注意显性的因素(打仗)，还要发现不那么明显的因素(前期，中期要保障后勤/后期要巩固战果)。孙子没能再进一步阐明各个部分有什么关系(逻辑?孰轻孰重?)，只是简单地说了一句‘能因敌之变化而取胜者，谓之神’，这也是将领最大的价值之一。分解的对象也可以是具体的兵力，先分散敌人再集中精力各个突破。