CNN News:埃博拉传染链条具有极强的传播性，需要做到及时控制

First up on commercial free CNN STUDENT NEWS we are taking you to Africa. The Ebola outbreak we`ve been following this year has mostly been limited to West Africa. But new cases of the hemorrhagic fever are turning up in the Democratic Republic of Congo, in Central Africa. It appears to be a

首先不含商业广告的CNN学生新闻要说的是非洲方面新闻。今年爆发的埃博拉病毒主要发生在了西非国家地区，但是在非洲中部刚果民主共和国却出现了新的出血热病例。并且看起来

different strain of the virus, meaning it`s a separate one from the outbreak that`s killed 1500 people in West Africa. But doctors are scrambling to contain it, because Congo borders nine other countries, and an outbreak there could be catastrophic. There`s no cure. Ebola kills

是不同病毒引起的，也就意味着这是已经造成非洲西部死亡1500人病毒的另一种新型病毒。医生们正忙着控制病毒的传染，因为刚果共和国与9个非洲国家相邻，如果病毒传播开来后果可想而知。染上这种病毒几乎就是没治的。埃博拉

many of those who get it. Though people can survive, if they are treated quickly with fluids, medicines and nutrients.

已经造成了很多患者死亡。如果患者得到及时医治，有足够的药物和营养的话也是可以幸存的。

One big question, though, how do you stop it?

现在面临一个巨大困难就是该如何控制疫情。

Ebola outbreak in Africa has left hundreds dead and many more infected. To halt even more infections, finding and treating all the patients is key. But just as important as finding and monitoring all the people who had close contact with those patients. These people, they may have slept in the same house, they may have come in contact with the patients` body fluids. And not all of the patients` close contacts are going to get sick. But those who do can then expose even more people to Ebola. It`s called a chain of transmission. I want to give you a real world example from an Ebola outbreak in the early 2000s.

自非洲国家爆发埃博拉病毒以来已经造成数百人上升更多人感染病毒。解决问题的关键就是控制病毒传播，寻找治疗方法治愈患者。但是发现和监测所有与感染埃博拉病毒患者接触的人群也是同样重要的。这些人可能在同一所屋子里睡过觉，可能接触过病人的体液。不是所有与患者有过亲密接触的人就会感染病毒，但是会扩大病毒感染者的数量。这就是所谓的传播链。下面我要给你讲一个发生在2000年初埃博拉疫情爆发的真实案例。

A young woman from Uganda didn`t know she was sick with Ebola. She had closed contacts with six people. Her baby and father in law, they both got sick. The baby then got his grandmother sick and she had contact with two more people as well. The father in law had close contact with 12 people. Out of that, his brother and cousin both got sick. The brother then had close contact with four more people, and the cousin had close contact with five more people, including another brother who`d used his blanket and also got sick. That`s how Ebola can spread. From one generation of disease, all the way around to another generation and then another.

一位来自乌干达的年轻女子不知道自己感染了埃博拉病毒，并与六个人发生了亲密接触，于是她的孩子，她的岳父都被感染了埃博拉病毒。然后她的孩子把病毒又传染给了他的奶奶，他的奶奶又感染了其他两个亲密接触的人。她的岳父与12个人有过亲密接触，除了这些，他的哥哥和堂兄妹都被感染了病毒，然后他的哥哥又与四个其他人有亲密接触，堂兄妹与另外五个人有亲密接触，包括另一个用过他毯子的哥哥也感染了埃博拉病毒。这就是埃博拉的传播链条。从一代人开始传染到了另一代人。

Breaking this chain of transmission is crucial. And one way to do it is do something known as contact tracing. Basically, disease detectives use every source they can find to find people who may have had contact with the person sick with Ebola. And then for 21 days they monitor each person looking for signs and symptoms like a fever. And if it looks like someone who`s starting to get sick, they are asked to go to an isolation ward.

所以打破这种传播链条至关重要，其中一个方法就是对与患者亲密接触的人做追踪监测。基本上，疾病监察员动用所有资源来寻找与埃博拉患者有过亲密接触的人，21天之后他们发现每个人都出现了类似发烧的迹象和症状，如果出现类似感染埃博拉症状的话就会被隔离。

Now, in previous person outbreaks this contact tracing has been pretty effective at halting new transmissions. But the current outbreak is unprecedented in size and scope. The World Health Organization says it`s so far more than 8500 of those close contacts have been identified. And just imagine that. How daunting it would be to follow for 21 days more than 8500 people in the region of the world with fewer resources and then remote locations. If you miss even one exposed individual and they get sick, the virus keeps spreading. And this outbreak won`t be over until there`s been 42 days with no new cases.

现在来看，之前这种追踪已经取得了有效控制疫情传播的成功，但是现在的疫情规模和感染范围是前所未有的。世界卫生组织表示目前为止已经确定有8500人与埃博拉确诊患者有过亲密接触，可以想象一下，怎样来监测这8500人在21天的身体反应，然后远程定位具体位置，如果错过甚至一个暴露的个人感染病毒，病毒就会继续传播。这种疫情直到两个21天不出现新病例才会停止传播。