国际关系英语词汇大全Unit 17

　　1.Intellectual property (IP)

　　Intellectual property (IP) rights are legally recognized exclusive rights to creations of the mind. Under intellectual property laws, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of intangible assets, such as musical, literary, and artistic works; discoveries and inventions; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs. Common types of intellectual property rights include copyright, trademarks, patents, industrial design rights, trade dress, and in some jurisdictions trade secrets.

　　1.知识产权

　　知识产权是指智力创造成果：发明、文学和艺术作品，以及商业中使用的符号、名称、图像和外观设计。知识产权可以分为工业产权与版权两类，工业产权包括发明(专利)、商标、工业品外观设计和地理标志，版权则包括文学和艺术作品。

　　2.Futures studies

　　Futures studies (also called futurology and futurism) is the study of postulating possible, probable, and preferable futures and the worldviews and myths that underlie them.

　　2.未来学

　　未来学是一个综合性研究人类重大领域的未来趋势、可能图景、面临的挑战、应当采取的对策等内容的新学科。未来学也研究预测未来的科学方法。

　　3.Marginalization

　　Marginalization (or social exclusion) is social disadvantage and relegation to the fringe of society. It is a term used widely in Europe, and was first used in France. It is used across disciplines including education, sociology, psychology, politics and economics.

　　3.边缘化

　　边缘化，是指向人或事物发展主流的反方向移动、变化。边缘化是一个比较抽象的说法，就是非中心，非主流，或者说被主流(主流社会、主流人群、主流意识形态、主流文化、主流经济等)所排斥，所不包容。