国际关系英语词汇大全Unit 38

　　英语单词讲解 unit 38

　　1.Hugo Grotius

　　Hugo Grotius (10 April 1583 – 28 August 1645), also known as Huig de Groot, Hugo Grocio or Hugo de Groot, was a jurist in the Dutch Republic. With Francisco de Vitoria and Alberico Gentili he laid the foundations for international law, based on natural law. He was also a philosopher, theologian, Christian apologist, playwright, historiographer, poet, statesman and diplomat.

　　1.胡果·格老秀斯

　　胡果·格老秀斯，又译为格劳秀斯、格劳秀士(1583年4月10日-1645年8月28日)，出生于荷兰，基督教护教学者，亦为国际法及海洋法鼻祖，其《海洋自由论》主张公海是可以自由航行，为当时新兴的海权国家如荷兰、英国提供了相关法律原则的基础，以突破当时西班牙和英国对海洋贸易的垄断，并反对炮舰外交。其名Hugo(胡果)在国际公法首次传入中国时，被译为虎哥。

　　2.Jean Bodin

　　Jean Bodin (1530–1596) was a French jurist and political philosopher, member of the Parlement of Paris and professor of law in Toulouse. He is best known for his theory of sovereignty; he was also an influential writer on demonology. Bodin lived during the aftermath of the Protestant Reformation and wrote against the background of religious conflict in France. He remained a nominal Catholic throughout his life but was critical of papal authority over governments, favouring the strong central control of a national monarchy as an antidote to factional strife. Toward the end of his life he wrote, but did not publish, a dialogue among different religions, including representatives of Judaism, Islam and natural theology, in which all agreed to coexist in concord.

　　2.让·博丹

　　让·博丹(1530年-1596年)，是法国的律师、国会议员和法学教授，因他的主权理论而被视为政治科学之父。代表作《国家六论》，与霍布斯、波舒哀等人同为西方绝对君主制理论的集大成者。让·博丹出生于法国宗教改革的动荡时期。著书反对法国的宗教冲突。他虽然名义上仍为天主教徒，但对教皇的权威高于法国君主持批评的态度。主张由法国国王实施中央专制来取代派系纷争。在临近生命结束时，他完成了不同宗教之间的对话，其中包括了伊斯兰教、犹太教和自然神学。他的主张是各种宗教和谐共存。

　　3.John Ikenberry

　　Gilford John Ikenberry (October 5, 1954) is a theorist of international relations and United States foreign policy, and a professor of Politics and International Affairs in the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University.

　　3.约翰·伊肯伯里

　　约翰·伊肯伯里，美国芝加哥大学政治学博士(1985)，曾任美国乔冶城大学埃德蒙·沃尔什外交学院教授(地理政治与全球正义)，现任美国普林斯顿大学政治与国际关系学教授。他还是卡耐基国际和平基金会的高级研究员、伍德罗·威尔逊国际学者中心(华盛顿特区)的会员。著有《大战胜利之后》(After Victory：Institutions,Strategic Restraint,and the Rebuilding of Order after Major Wars)、《国家权力与世界市场》(State Power and Wortd Markets：The International Political Economy)、《国家理性：石油政治与美国政府能力》(Reasons of State：Oil Politics and the Capacities of American Government)等。