国际关系英语词汇大全Unit 59

　　1.Immanuel Kant

　　Immanuel Kant (22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher who is widely considered to be a central figure of modern philosophy. He argued that fundamental concepts structure human experience, and that reason is the source of morality. His thought continues to have a major influence in contemporary thought, especially the fields of metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, political philosophy, and aesthetics. Kant's major work, theCritique of Pure Reason (Kritik der reinen Vernunft, 1781), aimed to explain the relationship between reason and human experience. With this project, he hoped to move beyond what he took to be failures of traditional philosophy and metaphysics. He attempted to put an end to what he considered an era of futile and speculative theories of human experience, while resisting the skepticism of thinkers such as David Hume.

　　1.伊曼努尔·康德

　　伊曼努尔·康德(1724年4月22日-1804年2月12日)著名德意志哲学家，德国古典哲学创始人，其学说深深影响近代西方哲学，并开启了德国唯心主义和康德主义等诸多流派。康德是启蒙运动时期最后一位主要哲学家，是德国思想界的代表人物。他调和了勒内·笛卡儿的理性主义与法兰西斯·培根的经验主义，被认为是继苏格拉底、柏拉图和亚里士多德后，西方最具影响力的思想家之一。康德有其自成一派的思想系统，并且有为数不少的著作,其中核心的三大著作被合称为“三大批判”，即《纯粹理性批判》、《实践理性批判》和《判断力批判》，这三部作品有系统地分别阐述他的知识学、伦理学和美学思想。《纯粹理性批判》尤其得到学术界重视，标志着哲学研究的主要方向由本体论转向认识论，是西方哲学史上划时代的巨著，被视为近代哲学的开端。此外，康德在宗教哲学、法律哲学和历史哲学方面也有重要论著。

　　2.Walter Lippmann

　　Walter Lippmann (September 23, 1889 – December 14, 1974) was an American writer, reporter, and political commentator famous for being among the first to introduce the concept of Cold War, coining the term "stereotype" in the modern psychological meaning, and critiquing media and democracy in his newspaper column and several books, most notably his 1922 book Public Opinion. His views regarding the role of journalism in a democracy were contrasted with the contemporaneous writings of John Dewey in what has been retrospectively named the Lippmann-Dewey debate. Lippmann won two Pulitzer Prizes, one for his syndicated newspaper column "Today and Tomorrow" and one for his 1961 interview of Nikita Khruschev.

　　2.沃尔特·李普曼

　　沃尔特·李普曼(1889年9月23日-1974年12月14日)，美国作家、记者、政治评论家，传播学史上具有重要影响的学者之一，代表作《公众舆论/舆论学》。撰有《政治导向》、《放任与驾驭》、《舆论学》、《良好的社会》、《共产主义世界与我们的世界》等30种著作，涉及哲学、政治学、伦理学、新闻学及外交等多个领域。

　　3.Thomas Aquinas

　　Thomas Aquinas, OP (1225 – 7 March 1274), also Thomas of Aquin or Aquino, was an Italian Dominican friar and Catholic priest and an immensely influential philosopher and theologian in the tradition of scholasticism, within which he is also known as the "Doctor Angelicus" and "Doctor Communis". "Aquinas" is from the county of Aquino, an area where his family held land until 1137. He was born in Roccasecca, Italy.

　　3.托马斯·阿奎那

　　圣托马斯·阿奎那(约1225年-1274年3月7日)是欧洲中世纪经院派哲学家和神学家。他是自然神学最早的提倡者之一，也是托马斯学派的创立者，成为天主教长期以来研究哲学的重要根据。他所撰写的最知名著作是《神学大全》。天主教会认为他是史上最伟大的神学家，将其评为三十五位教会圣师之一，也被称作天使博士(天使圣师)或全能博士。