国际关系英语词汇大全Unit 67

　　Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. The only president to resign the office, Nixon had previously served as a US representative and senator from California and as the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961.

　　1.理查德·尼克松

　　理查德·米尔豪斯·尼克松(1913年1月9日-1994年4月22日)是一位美国政治家，曾于1969年至1974年担任第37任美国总统，1974年时成为该国历史上第一位在任期内辞职的总统，也是截止2014年5月上旬唯一一位辞职的美国总统。尼克松曾于1953至1961年担任第36任美国副总统，还曾任加利福尼亚州的联邦众议员和联邦参议员。

　　2.Nixon Doctrine

　　The Nixon Doctrine (also known as the Guam Doctrine) was put forth during a press conference in Guam on July 25, 1969 by U.S. President Richard Nixon and later formalized in his speech on Vietnamization on November 3 1969. According to Gregg Brazinsky, Nixon stated that "the United States would assist in the defense and developments of allies and friends," but would not "undertake all the defense of the free nations of the world." This doctrine meant that each ally nation was in charge of its own security in general, but the United States would act as a nuclear umbrella when requested. The Doctrine argued for the pursuit of peace through a partnership with American allies. The Nixon Doctrine implied the intentions of Richard Nixon shifting the direction on international policies in Asia, especially aiming for "Vietnamization of the Vietnam War."

　　2.尼克松主义

　　尼克松总统制订的收缩美国全球义务，调整国际关系的外交新方针。20世纪60年代中期，美苏冷战加剧，第二世界力量增长、尤其是第三世界崛起，美国陷入越南战争，以及国内多种危机进发，尼克松主义应运而生。其要点是：越战结束后，美国仍将发挥重要作用，并格守业已承担的条约义务。但除非受到核大国的威胁，美将鼓励其亚洲盟友自己承担国内安全和军事防务的责任，而美则避免卷入越南式的战争。

　　3.Winston Churchill

　　Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill KG, OM, CH, TD, DL, FRS, RA (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British politician who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. Widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the 20th century, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, a writer (as Winston S. Churchill), and an artist. Churchill is the only British Prime Minister to have won the Nobel Prize in Literature since its inception in 1901, and was the first person to be made an honorary citizen of the United States.

　　3.温斯顿·丘吉尔

　　温斯顿·伦纳德·斯宾塞·邱吉尔爵士，KG，OM，CH，TD，FRS，PC (Can)(1874年11月30日-1965年1月24日)，英国政治家、演说家、军事家和作家，曾于1940年至1945年出任英国首相，任期内领导英国在第二次世界大战中联合美国等国家对抗德国，并取得了最终胜利，并自1951年至1955年再度出任英国首相。丘吉尔被认为是20世纪最重要的政治领袖之一，对英国乃至于世界均影响深远。此外，他在文学上也有很高的成就，曾于1953年获诺贝尔文学奖。在2002年，BBC举行了一个名为“最伟大的100名英国人”的调查，结果丘吉尔获选为有史以来最伟大的英国人。