百科知识视频之煎蛋小学堂44 如何将声音变成光 - “声光现象”

The pistol and mantis shrimps are both crustaceans that snap their claws and perform magic.the jet of water squeezed out from between their claws travels at such speeds that it cavitates that is the liquid water under negative pressure is literally pulled apart into bubbles of water vapor.When the bubbles collapse in on themselves,they give off a loud"snap",and amazingly,a small flash of light.

鼓虾和虾蛄都是甲壳类动物 它们夹紧钳子 表演魔术。两钳之间喷出一股急流 速度如此快 甚至打出了空穴 也就是说 处于负压下的液态水 字面上说 被割裂成水蒸气气泡。当气泡向自身内部塌陷时，它们发出“啪”的一声 更惊人的是 还发出了一道光。

The shrimp use the sonic shock wave to stun or kill prey,but physicists are far more interested in the flash,because we still don't exactly know how it happens.Collapsing bubbles can also be created in a laboratory simply by using sound since sound,as we know,is basically just molecules repeatedly pushing aganist each other,and then pulling apart,if the sound waves are intense enough,the low pressure will again be low enough to pull the liquid apart into vapor and cause cavitation bubbles.The bubbles then collapse,and under certain circumstances,they produce light even brighter than the shrimp.

虾用这种声震荡波来击昏或者杀死猎物，但是物理学家对那道光的兴趣更浓，因为我们仍不完全清楚这是怎么发生的。在实验室中 通过声波也可以做出气泡崩塌的效果 因为正如我们所知 从本质上说声音也只是分子不断地相互推远 而后拉近对方，如果声波足够强 低压会再次达到 最低要求 将液体拉成水蒸气 制造出空穴气泡。气泡再次崩塌 并在一定的环境下，它们能产生比虾蛄还要闪亮的光。

This phenomenon of turning sound into light is called"sonoluminescence,"We know that the light flashes are incredibly short lasting only about 100 picoseconds-and are surprisingly high energy,meaning the collapsing bubbles may be up to 10 times hotter than the surface of the sun.We don't know for sure,though,how the inside of the bubble gets that hot,or what exactly is giving off the light.

这种将声音转化成光的现象称为“声光现象”。我们知道 这么一道极光其短暂 持续时间仅100皮秒 同时又是如此地高能，意味着气泡崩塌时的温度比太阳表面高出至少10倍。但是 我们还不太确定，气泡内部是如何达到高温的，以及是什么发出的这道光。

The bubble collapses so quickly that the gases inside are heated by compression,but the increased pressure might also cause water vapor in the bubble to rapidly condense back to a liquid,releasing large amounts of latent heat.And the flash itself might come from glowing red-hot Argon or Xenon gas in the air bubble,Or from heat tearing water vapor apart into hydroxide and hydrogen ions which then recombine and give off light,Or from then whole interior of the bubble getting hot enough to become a glowing plasma,OR it might be a combination the all above.

气泡崩塌的极快 内部的气体受压缩而被加热，但是压强上升又造成了气泡内部水分蒸发 而后再度压缩成液态 释放大量的潜伏热。这道光可能是气泡中炽热的氩气和氙气燃烧的结果，或来源于将水蒸气撕裂成氢气和氢离子的热能 之后气体重新结合并发光，或者是由于整个气泡内部温度足够高 因而成为了发光的等离子体 或者是以上现象的共同结果。

Either way,the cool thing about sonoluminescence is that it's still not fully understood despite being fairly simple to create.I mean,you can buy a basic sonoluminescence kit off the Internet!Or just get a pet mantis shrimp.

无论怎样 声光现象酷酷的地方在于 它尚未被完全理解 但是制作起来却十分简单。我的意思是 你都可以在网上买一个声光现象的发生套件!或者买只虾蛄当宠物。