历届美国总统介绍:第8任总统 马丁·范布伦

Martin Van Buren was the eighth President of theUnited States, serving one term in office. He wasborn on December 5, 1782 in Kinderhook, New Yorkand died of heart failure in 1862. His father was atavern keeper and farmer. Van Buren was the firstpresident born as a citizen of the U.S.A., as allprevious presidents were born before the AmericanRevolution.

马丁·范布伦（Martin Van Buren）是美国第八任总统，任期为一届。他1782年11月5日出生在美国纽约州的肯德胡克，1862年因心脏衰竭逝世。他的父亲是位酒馆老板兼农民。马丁·范布伦是第一位以美国公民身份出生并当选美国总统的人，前7位美国总统均出生在美国独立战争之前。

Van Buren studied law and entered New York politics at the age of 17. He faithfully fulfilled his official duties for a decade and a half. His skill at gathering support for his party earned him thenickname "The Little Magician". In 1821, he was elected to the United States Senatere presenting New York. President Andrew Jackson rewarded Van Buren's loyalty by appointinghim Secretary of State in 1829.

马丁·范布伦17岁时学习法律，从此走进纽约政坛。他在十年零六个月的时间里恪尽职守，并善于为自己所在的党派争取支持，因此获得“小魔术师”的绰号。他1821年进入纽约州参议院。安德鲁·杰克逊总统为表彰马丁·范布伦的忠诚，在1829年，将他推选为美国国务卿。

Van Buren's rise to the Presidency continued in 1833 when he was appointed Andrew Jackson'sVice President. Van Buren was President Jackson's first choice to take over from him from 1837.He easily won the 1836 election. Van Buren devoted his Inaugural Address to explaining howthe American experiment and its prosperity was an example to the rest of the world.

马丁·范布伦1833年当选为安德鲁·杰克逊的副总统，自此，他离美国总统之职又近了一步。美国总统杰克逊希望马丁·范布伦能在1837年接任美国总统之职。马丁·范布伦是杰克逊心中的总统第一人选。马丁·范布伦1836年在美国总统大选中轻松获胜。他在职演说中主要阐述了美国的创建过程，同时还声明美国的繁荣是世界的榜样。

His Presidency was largely dominated by the recession that followed the "Panic of 1837".Hundreds of banks and businesses failed. Thousands lost their land. It was the worstdepression to hit America in its short history. Many blamed him for it and nicknamed him"Martin Van Ruin". He was voted out of office in 1840 and was an unsuccessful candidate forPresident as an independent in 1848. He died in 1862.

马丁·范布伦就任期间正值美国经济衰退，此次经济衰退发生于“1837年恐慌”之后。当时，数以百计的银行及公司倒闭，上千人失去土地。这是美国短暂历史上最严重的一次经济衰退。许多人指责马丁·范布伦，还给他起绰号，叫他“马丁·范祸根”("Martin Van Ruin")。马丁·范布伦1840年在美国总统大选中失败，就此卸任美国总统这一职务。马丁·范布伦1848年作为独立的美国总统候选人再次遭遇落选。1862年，马丁·范布伦辞世。