海底两万里 第350期 第23章 珊瑚王国(49)
"Surely, but of great use to the world at large," Captain Nemo said. "The ancients well understood the usefulness to commerce of connecting the Red Sea with the Mediterranean, but they never dreamed of cutting a canal between the two, and instead they picked the Nile as their link. If we can trust tradition, it was probably Egypt's King Sesostris who started digging the canal needed to join the Nile with the Red Sea. What's certain is that in 615 B.C. King Necho II was hard at work on a canal that was fed by Nile water and ran through the Egyptian plains opposite Arabia. This canal could be traveled in four days, and it was so wide, two triple-tiered galleys could pass through it abreast. Its construction was continued by Darius the Great, son of Hystaspes, and probably completed by King Ptolemy II. Strabo saw it used for shipping; but the weakness of its slope between its starting point, near Bubastis, and the Red Sea left it navigable only a few months out of the year. This canal served commerce until the century of Rome's Antonine emperors; it was then abandoned and covered with sand, subsequently reinstated by Arabia's Caliph Omar I, and finally filled in for good in 761 or 762 A.D. by Caliph Al-Mansur, in an effort to prevent supplies from reaching Mohammed ibn Abdullah, who had rebelled against him.
“不错，不过对全世界很有用。”船长回答，“古时的人很明白，在红海与地中海之间建立交通，对于他们的商业有很大的好处，可是他们没有想到发掘一条直通的运河，他们是利用尼罗河来作居间。按照传说，这条连接尼罗河和红海的运河，很可能在薛索斯土利斯王朝就开始有了。其中确定的事实是，纪元前615年，尼哥斯进行了一条运河的工程，引尼罗河水，穿过与阿拉伯相望的埃及平原。这条运河上溯航行需要四天的时间，河宽是两艘有三排桨的船可以并行无阻。运河工程由伊他斯比的儿子大流士继续进行，大约在蒲图连美二世时代完工，史杜拉宾看见了这河作航行使用。不过在运河近布巴斯提地方的起点和红海之间的何床坡度大小，一年中只有几个月可以行船。直到安敦难时代，这运河一直是商业贸易的途径：后来，由于‘哈利发’峨默尔命令把运河放弃，就淤塞了，随后又修复起来； 761年或762年，‘哈利发’阿利·蒙索尔要阻止粮食运到反抗他的穆罕默德·宾·阿比多拉那里，这运河便完全被：填平了。”
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