CNN News: 人类DNA

Since 1901, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to 172 people. That includes these three men: Aziz Sancar, Paul Modrich, and Tomas Lindahl. They won the 2015 prize. Their work focusing on how proteins repair our DNA when it gets damage.

自1901年，诺贝尔化学奖已经授予给了172人。这其中包括阿齐兹·桑贾尔(Aziz Sancar)、保罗·莫德里奇 (Paul Modrich)、托马斯·林达尔( Tomas Lindahl)。这三个人获得了2015年诺贝尔化学奖。他们的研究主要集中在蛋白质如何修复损伤的蛋白质。

CNN`s Dr. Sanjay Gupta guides us up a spiral staircase of knowledge about human DNA.

CNN的桑杰·古普塔引导我们了解人类DNA的螺旋结构。

DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, it`s the genetic formula that tells your cells how to build you into you and no one else.

DNA是一种脱氧核苷酸，这种遗传公式告诉你的细胞如何构建你的身体。

Think of your DNA as four Legos that like to play in pairs, A and T, C and G, along a spiral staircase called the "Double Helix". Those pairs form building blocks of code called genes. They become the blueprint for your hair, eyes, body shape and everything else that makes you unique.

把你的DNA想象成爱玩的成对的积木，A和T，C和G，同时还有一个叫做“双螺旋”的螺旋梯。这些成对的构建模块的代码称作基因。这些基因成为你头发、研究、体型，以及其他一切让你独一无二的蓝图。

You have over 20,000 genes, created from about 3 billion pairs, so it`s easy to see why no other human will have the exact same pattern of DNA.

你有2万多个基因，可以创造30亿对基因，所以很容易明白为什么人类没有完全相同的DNA.

你有20000多个基因,创造了从约30亿双,所以很容易看到为什么没有其他人类DNA的完全相同的模式

Unless, of course, you have an identical twin. Each cell in your body has about six feet of DNA, unravel them all and your DNA would stretch from here to Pluto 18.5 times.

除非，你有完全相同的双胞胎。你身体的每个细胞有6英尺的DNA，解开所有的DNA，从这里到冥王星的18.5倍。

But to live inside each cell`s microscopic nucleus, each long strand of DNA gets wrapped like a noodle into 46 chromosomes. You got those chromosomes from your parents, 23 from dad, 23 from mom. There is one from dad that is special, it determines if you`re a girl or a buy.

但是，生活在每一个细胞的微核，每个长链DNA包含46条染色体。你从父母那里分别得到23条染色体。其中有一条来自父亲的特殊的染色体，该条染色体决定了你的性别。

Our DNA is only about 1 percent different from a chimpanzee. But that tiny change has made all we know and accomplish possible.

我们人类的DNA和黑猩猩的DNA仅存在1%的区别。但是这1%的不同让我们知道的一些事情变为现实。