【BBC纪录片】凡尔赛宫 第49期：是君主专制还是开明改革
所以这次政变意味着
that one of the things that is absolutely
推翻了法国君主制的
key for the self-image of the French monarchy is that
一个最主要标志
it is a legitimate, absolute monarchy that rules according to the laws,
那就是它的合法性 法律监督下的君主专制
so to abolish the law courts, themselves,
所以取缔最高法院这一举动
is a very powerful signal,
是一个强势的标志
and a very blatant act of royal despotism.
及公然的皇室独裁行为
Louis believed he was acting in the best interests of France,
路易坚信他是由法国利益出发
whose outdated legal system stood in the way of progress.
过时的法律体系阻碍着变革的开展
So, he introduced wholesale reforms,
因此 他开展大规模的变革
for example, free justice.
比如自由司法
Also the judges, themselves,
同样法官
were now to be appointed by the Crown for life.
也被国王指定为终身制
And they would no longer buy their position as judge,
也不能再向以前一样
as had been the case before.
用钱来购买法官职位
So, for many, including Voltaire,
包括伏尔泰在内的许多人
this was seen as an enlightenedreform.
认为这是一项开明的改革
Unfortunately for Louis XV, by silencing the Parlement,
对路易十五不幸的是 压制最高法院的决定
the King unleashed opposition on a scale
掀起了一场多世未见的
that had not been seen for generations.
大规模的反对浪潮
一.sense：n.感官, 感觉, 意识, 鉴赏力, 意义, 理智, 道理, 见识 v.感觉, 意识到, 理解, 检测
【语法用法】
sense作名词，词组come to one's senses可根据语境解释为“恢复理智”或“恢复知觉”。
She has been behaving very foolishly.I hope she'llsoon come to her senses.
她近来常做蠢事，我希望她赶紧恢复理智。
She has been struck on the head by a rock and has lost consciousness.I hope she'll soon cometo her senses.
由于她的头撞在石头上，失去了知觉。我希望她赶快恢复知觉。
common sense指“常识”，与common knowledge和general knowledge不同。
common sense指大多数人从经验中得来的常识，不需研究。
common knowledge指在某个范围内大家都知道的事，受范围限制，不指所有人。
general knowledge和common knowledge有时意思一样，但通常指从研究或注意得来的关于许多事物的基本知识，与 specialized knowledge意义相反;
common sense只有在作形容词时才写成common-sense;
sense of humour指“幽默感”，没有幽默感可以说have no sense of humour或lack humour。
【错句举例与错句分析】
错句: The deck is high-sided, adding significantly to the interior's sense of space.
订正: The deck is high-sided, adding significantly to the one's sense of space inside.
翻译: 高起层增大了内部的空间感。
分析: sense的主语是人，而不是“内部”。
【词义辨析】
judgement, discrimination, sense
这些名词均含“识别力、判断”之意。
judgement指经过训练或磨练或凭经历而得到辨别或判断事物的能力或品质。
discrimination指辨别精微事物的能力，甚至平时观察不到的也可识别出来。
sense指不带幻想、感情或偏见地观察事物，并能作出明智、公平的选择与决定。
meaning, implication, sense
这些名词均含有“含义、意义、意思”之意。
meaning普通用词，使用广泛，既可指语言表达的意思，又可指手势、符号、表情或艺术品或抽象概念所含的意义。
implication指暗含的意思。
sense特指词、短语或句子的某种特定意思，也常指多种解释的一种。
【例句用法】
I hope she soon sees sense and stops fighting a battle she cannot win.
我希望她能很快明白过来，别再打这场打不赢的仗了。
It would make sense to leave early.
早点离开是明智的。
No one in their right senses would let a small child go out alone.
凡是有理智的人，谁都不会让那麽小的孩子独自出门。
I'm afraid I haven't got a very good sense of directions, so I easily get lost.
恐怕我的方位感很差，因此我容易迷路。
You should have had enough sense to turn off the electricity supply before disconnecting thewires.
你本来应该有足够的常识，在拆开电线之前先把电源切断。
二.reform：n.改革, 改良 v.改革, 革新, 改造
【词义辨析】
reform, transform
这两个动词均含“改革、改变、改造”之意。
reform指去恶扬善、弃旧图新，使变得完美，多用于社会、政治、经济方面，如体制、法律、机构等的改革。
transform指既改变外部形体，又改变内部性质或功能。
【例句用法】
They made a clamor for reform.
他们强烈要求改革。
Our reform made an inexorable march of progress.
我们的改革取得了势不可挡的进展。
This judge is a strong advocate of prison reform.
这位法官是监狱改革的坚决拥护者。
Strikes by prison officers underline the need for reform in our gaols.
监狱工作人员罢工一事，突出地表明我们的监狱制度需要改革。
Legislative reform is long overdue.
立法方面的改革早该进行。
