万物简史 第11期:如何营造一个宇宙(3)

In a single blinding pulse, a moment of glory muchtoo swift and expansive for any form of words, thesingularity assumes heavenly dimensions, spacebeyond conception. In the first lively second (asecond that many cosmologists will devote careers toshaving into ever-finer wafers) is produced gravityand the other forces that govern physics.

刹那间，一个光辉的时刻来到了，其速度之快，范围之广，无法用言语来形容，奇点有了天地之大，有了无法想像的空间。这充满活力的第一秒钟(许多宇宙学家将花费毕生的精力来将其分割成越来越小部分的1秒钟)产生了引力和支配物理学的其他力。

In less than a minute the universe is a million billion miles across and growing fast. There is alot of heat now, ten billion degrees of it, enough to begin the nuclear reactions that create thelighter elements—principally hydrogen and helium, with a dash (about one atom in a hundredmillion) of lithium. In three minutes, 98 percent of all the matter there is or will ever be hasbeen produced. We have a universe. It is a place of the most wondrous and gratifyingpossibility, and beautiful, too. And it was all done in about the time it takes to make asandwich.

不到1分钟，宇宙的直径已经有1600万亿公里，而且还在迅速扩大。这时候产生了大量热量，温度高达1000万摄氏度，足以引发核反应，其结果是创造出较轻的元素--主要是氢和氦，还有少量锂(大约是1000万个原子中有1个锂原子)。3分钟以后，98%的目前存在的或将会存在的物质都产生了。我们有了一个宇宙。这是个美妙无比的地方，而且还很漂亮。这一切都是在大约做完一块三明治的时间里形成的。

When this moment happened is a matter of some debate. Cosmologists have long argued overwhether the moment of creation was 10 billion years ago or twice that or something in between.The consensus seems to be heading for a figure of about 13.7 billion years, but these thingsare notoriously difficult to measure, as we shall see further on.

这个重大时刻的发生时间还是个有点争议的问题。宇宙到底是在100亿年以前形成的，还是在200亿年以前形成的，还是在100亿年到200亿年之间形成的，这个问题宇宙学家已经争论很长时间。大家似乎越来越赞成大约137亿年这个数字。但是，我们在后面将会进一步看到，这种事情是极难计算的。

All that can really be said is that at some indeterminate point in the very distant past, forreasons unknown, there came the moment known to science as t = 0. We were on our way.

其实，我们只能说，在那十分遥远的过去，在某个无法确定的时刻，由于不知道的原因，科学上称之为t=0的时刻来到了。我们于是踏上了旅程。