时差N小时:科学家如何研究致命的疾病? How Do Scientists Study Deadly Diseases?
唐，我有个小问题想问你，
What do the Ebola virus,anthrax, and the avian fluhave in common?
埃博拉病毒、炭疽热和禽流感这些疾病有哪些共同的特点?
After all, they're some of the most dangerous, deadlydiseases around.
归根到底，它们是最危险、最致命的疾病。
On today's A Moment ofScience, we're looking at aless expected link among these types of disease: therisk that's involvedin researching them.
在今天的科学一刻节目里，我们将探索与这些疾病有关但很少被关注的联系：即研究它们所产生的风险。
You see, scientific research into how dangerous diseases work is an inherently risky business.
众所周知，关于高危疾病的科学研究总是非常危险的。
Byincreasing the amount of information that's available about lethal organisms such asanthrax,research also increases the risk of those pathogens being used for nefarious purposesbybioterrorists.
通过研究炭疽热等致命微生物，我们可以加深对这类病毒的认知，但是与此同时，这种研究也增提高了风险，因为这些致命病毒有可能被生化恐怖分子利用。
On the other hand, though, the more we know about these pathogens, the better equippedweare to predict the risks associated with them, develop vaccines that can prevent theirspread, orto treat illness quickly in the case of an outbreak.
换句话说，我们对这些病原体了解得越多，我们就可以更好地应对与这些疾病相关的风险，并可以研发疫苗以预防它们的传播，或者一旦疫病大规模爆发我们可以迅速控制疫情。
Any research that has the potential to be used toward both beneficial and destructivepurposeshas a special classification.
如果某类研究可以同时被用于有益或者有害目的，那么这种研究有一个特殊的分类。
It's called Dual Use Research of Concern, or, DURC for short.
这种类别被称为双重用途研究，或简称为DURC。
DURC is highly regulated.
双重用途研究的监管很严格。
Scientists need special security clearance if their work has dual useconcern.
如果科学家的工作中有被定义为双重用途的，那么他们需要经过特殊的安全检查。
They must have specialized training, they use top notch safety equipment, and theirwork iscarefully and constantly reviewed.
他们必须受到特殊的训练，他们使用的是最高级别的安全设备，并且他们的工作也要接受持续细致的审查。
Most importantly, though, projects stamped with theDURC classification have todemonstrate that the potential benefits of the knowledge they willgenerate outweigh theirrisks.
最重要的是，被定义为双重用途研究的项目需要证明其产生的收益会超过所带来的风险。
DURC made a lot of headlines in 2012, thanks to a group of scientists who study the avian flu.
2012年，双重用途研究制造了相当多的头条新闻，这要感谢那些研究禽流感的科学家团队。
Formore details about that risky research, tune in next time.
更多关于风险研究的资讯，请关注下期节目。
