时差N小时:营养基因组学 Nutrigenomics

The study of genes has shown that every individualis genetically unique, and this discovery leads to ahost ofquestions as to the relationship between anindividual's genesand environmental factors such asdiet.

由对基因的研究人们得出结论，每个人从遗传学的角度来看都是独一无二的。这一结论引出了一大堆的问题，例如人体基因与环境因素之间的关系。

That is, how does diet interact with one's geneticmake-up to affect one's health?

换句话说，饮食是如何与人体的基因相互作用，从而影响到人们的身体健康?

This is the primary concern of nutrigenomics.

这是营养基因组学关注的核心问题。

It is the study of how different foods interact with particular genes, affecting howthese genesact or altering their structures.

营养基因组学是研究不同的食物是如何与特定的基因相互作用，进而影响这些基因的活动以及结构转变的科学。

Specifically, nutrigenomics is concerned with how chemicals in different foods can interactwithparticular genes to increase the risk of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, heartdisease,and some cancers.

特别要说明一点，这门科学关注的问题是:不同食物中的化学物质是如何与特定的基因作用来增加人体患病的风险的，这些疾病可能是2型糖尿病、肥胖症、心脏病和一些癌症。

Nutrigenomics dictates that understanding how dietary chemicals regulate different genes willleadto individualized nutrition, the ability to design diets catered to one's specific geneticmake-up.

在营养基因组学研究中，如果了解膳食化合物如何影响不同的基因，便可以研究出个性化营养方案，还可以根据一个人特定的基因构造来制定日常饮食计划。

For example, the food pyramid developed by the USDA assumes that all Americans are thesameand have the same dietary needs.

比如说，由美国农业部发布的食物金字塔，我们可以做出假设：所有的美国人都是一样的，人们有着同样的饮食需求。

Of course, the truth is that we're not.

当然，事实并非如此。

A lucky few of us can consume high fat diets and yet not develop heart disease, while othersonmoderate fat diets may develop heart disease.

只有少数的幸运儿才可能在摄入高脂肪的食物后不患上心脏病，很多人就算食物脂肪含量适中也可能患上心脏病。

Perhaps one day our doctors will read our DNA and take into account our genotype alongwithother environmental factors such as our physical activity.

也许某一天，我们的医生能解读我们的DNA，同时将各人的基因型及其他的环境因素考虑在内。

They may then prescribe usindividualized diets, designed to match our unique nutritionalneeds.

其后，再根据各人独特的营养需求开出个性化的饮食规定。

This way, diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's may actually be slowed down orevenprevented.

这样一来，像癌症、老年痴呆这样的病的患病率就可能有所降低，甚至是得到预防!