4. 表示伴随状况:
-ed分词结构作状语表示伴随状况时,没有适当的分句可替换。
11) ______________ was not incorporated as a city until almost two centuries later, in 1834.
[A] Settling Brooklyn, the Dutch
[B] The Dutch settled Brooklyn
[C] Brooklyn was settled by the Dutch
[D] Settled by the Dutch, Brooklyn
解析:D为正确答案。从上下文看,空档处的主语应是表示要点的名词(“as a city”),那么A不对;B和C都是一分句,而空档后是谓语部分,它们不作为正确选项。
12) Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, __________ completely to the outside world.
[A] being lost
[B] having lost
[C] losing
[D] lost
解析:D为正确答案。