第15章　副　词 15.2　副词在句中的作用

15.2　副词在句中的作用

15.2.1　副词作状语

1) 副词最主要的作用是作状语，可修饰动词（a），也可修饰动词的非谓语形式（b）：

a． She welcomed us warmly. 她热情地欢迎我们。

He'll be here directly. 他一会就到这里来。

He behaved very coolly in this dangerous situation. 在这险境中他表现得很冷静。

They spoke very highly of him. 他们对他评价很高。

Have you seen her lately? 你最近见到她了吗？

He was justly punished. 他受到了应得的惩处。

b． Her little girls are always prettily dressed. 她的小女孩们总是打扮得漂漂亮亮的。

She promised to see me home. 她答应送我回家。

Excuse me for coming back. 原谅我又回来了。

Having failed twice, he didn't want to try again. 失败两次后他不想再试了。

He seemed much agitated. 他似乎很不安。

Greatly disappointed, she went home. 大失所望之下，她回家去了。

2) 也可修饰形容词（a）或副词（b）：

a． We were terribly lucky to find you here. 我们很幸运在这里找到了你。

He is slightly lame. 他腿稍稍有点瘸。

I'm quite happy here. 我在这里很高兴。

It was a pretty poor imitation. 这是一件很粗劣的复制品。

b． Pretty soon the lilacs would be in bloom. 丁香花很快就要开了。

The summer passed too quickly. 夏天过得太快了。

He didn't work hard enough. 他不够用功。

Can you explain it more simply? 你能解释得更简单些吗？

3) 还可修饰整个句子：

Naturally, she's attached to the place. 当然她很喜欢这个地方。

Sure I will come. 肯定我会来。

Normally we go to bed at ten. 通常我们十点上床睡觉。

Ironically, he became ill on the day of his marriage. 具有讽刺意味的是，他结婚那天病倒了。

Miraculously, no one was killed. 真是奇迹，竟没有人丧生。

Hopefully, we'll meet again on Thursday. 希望咱们星期四再见面。

15.2.2　副词作表语

1) 大部分副词小品词（即与介词同形的副词）都可用作表语：

Mary was down with a slight fever. 玛丽有点发烧。

The light is still on. 电灯还亮着。

I'll be along in a minute. 我一会儿就来。

Are the children back yet? 孩子们回来了吗？

He'll be round this afternoon. 他今天下午就来。

Are you through (with your work)? 你干完了吗？

Is Staley about? 斯坦利在附近吗？

He hid the jewels when nobody was by. 他趁没人时把首饰藏了起来。

The storm was over before the morning. 天亮前暴风雨停了。

He isn't up yet? 他还没起床？

Her office is just above. 她的办公室就在上面。

His leave is up tomorrow. 他的假期明天结束。

We're behind in our plan. 我们落在计划后面了。

I must be off now. 我得走了。

2) 另外一些副词也有这样用的：

Communications were back to normal at noon. 午时通讯恢复正常。

I shall be home around five o'clock. 我将在五点左右到家。

I haven't been away from home before. 我以前从未离开过家。

The holidays will soon be here. 假期很快就要来临。

The bedrooms are upstairs. 卧室在楼上。

Have you been abroad before? 你以前出过国吗？

It's just there—under your book. 它就在那儿，在你的书下面。

15.2.3　副词的其他用法

副词还有一些其他用法，如：

1) 作定语：

Please forward my letters to the above address. 请把我的信转到上面的地址。

Write your name in the place below. 把你的名字写在下面空格中。

We had to get off and take the bus behind. 我们只得下车，换乘后面的巴士。

The buildings around were badly damaged. 周围的建筑物都受到了严重的损坏。

There is a good show on at the Calladium. 在卡来登剧院有一场精彩的演出。

Take the up escalator. 坐往上去的电梯。

Tickets are cheaper during the off season. 淡季机票便宜一些。

I hope you'll enjoy your stay here. 希望你在这儿住得愉快。

2) 作宾语的补语（一起构成复合宾语）：

I'm pleased to see you back. 看到你回来我很高兴。

I asked her in (over to my house). 我请她进来（到我家来）。

Keep your coat on if you feel cold. 如果你觉得冷可以穿着大衣。

I'm having a tooth out tomorrow. 我明天要拔一颗牙。

He'll never let you down;he's reliable. 他很可靠，决不会拆你的台。

I want it back right now, plus the interest. 我要你现在就还，外加利息。

Could you put me through to the manager? 能帮我接通经理的电话吗？

She doesn't know how to put her ideas across. 她不知道该怎样讲清楚自己的意思。

3) 还可构成成语动词：

We leave off work at five o'clock. 我们五点钟下班。

Some flowers give off their richest fragrance at night. 有些花夜间散发出最浓郁的香味。

The roses will come out next week. 玫瑰下星期就要开花了。

The actors were making up when we arrived. 我们到达时演员正在上装。

Some try to get on by making up to the boss. 一些人设法拍老板马屁来往上爬。

He will carry these aims through to the end. 他将把这些目标贯彻到底。

关于成语动词请参阅第13.3.4节。