用英语说中国旅游华北地区 03：长城自然概况1

万里长城

From Shanhaiguan，northeast of Qinhuangdao City，Hebei Province in the east coast .the Great Wall rises and falls with the contours of the mountains westward .crossing the provinces，municipalities and autonomous regions of Liaoning，Hebei，Tianjin，Beijing，Shanxi，Inner Mongolia，Shanxi， Ningxia and Gansu for 6 700 kilometers，to end at Jiayuguan，southwest of Jiayu- guan City in Gansu Province. 长城起于河北省东海岸秦皇岛市东北部的山海关，路跌宕起伏，顺山西行，至西端甘肃省嘉峪关市西南的嘉峪关，横贯辽宁、河北、天津、北京、山西、内蒙占、陕西、宁夏和甘肃等省、市、自治区全长约6 700公里。 The construction of the wall be- gan during the Spring and Autumn pe- riod(770一476 BC)and V}Jarring States period(475一22l BC).Ducal states at that time built walls to defend their own territories. After the First Em- peror of the Qin Dynasty crushed all ri- val states，he founded the first central- ized and unified dynasty in Chinese history. To consolidate the country and ward off invasion by ethnic minority tribes in the north，he had the walls linked and extended，giving rise to the 5 000-kilometer- long Qin Great Wall. Later dynasties from Han(206 BC一220 AD)to Ming( 1368- 1644)kept building and improving the wall，extending it more than 1 000 kilome- ters to today's scale. The wall stretches across the vast area of north and central China reputed as“Enlivened for 2 000 years and Maneuvering for 100 000 Ii" 长城的修建始于春秋(公元前770年一公元前476年)、，战国(公元前475年一公元前221年)。当时的诸侯国为了保护自己的领地各自修建城墙以抵御外侵。秦始皇灭六国之后建立起了中国历史上第一个央集权制的国家。为了巩固国防和抵御北方少数民族的侵扰，秦始皇把各个国家的城墙连接起来并予以加长，形成了5 000多公里的秦长城。之后的汉朝(公元前206年一公元220年)至明朝 (1368一1644)不断对长城进行加固、延伸，使之又增加了 1 000多公以，最终形成了长城如今的规模。长城绵延j中困北部和中部的广人土地上，被称为“上下两千年，纵横十万里”。 Great Wall of Han Dynasty was about 10000 km long，and it is the longest of all in history. Today，we can easily find its remains along a rough line from Xinjiang Autonomous Region to Hebei Province. Silk Road went on along the wall for half of its length president of Former United States great Richard Nixon remarked on his visiting“This is the Great Wall and only a people with a great past could have a with such a great wall will surely have a great great wall and such a great people future" 历史上最长的长城是汉长城，它长达一万多公里。时至今日，人们仍可看见散布在新疆至河北之间的汉长城遗迹。古丝绸之路有一半的路程就是沿着这条长城而行的。美国前总统尼克松参观长城时说:“只有一个伟大的民族，才能造得出这样一座伟大的长城”。 The Great Wall The walls are made comprises walls，passes，watchtowers， of large stone strips. From east to west castles and fortresses. ，the sections at Shan- haiguan。Jinshanling，Mutianyu .Badaling and Jiayuguan have become tourist at- tradions 长城山城墙、关城、了望台、墩堡、营城等组成。城墙由大块的石条砌成。从东至西，长城的山海关、金山岭、慕田峪、八达岭、嘉峪关等地段已成为旅游胜地。 The Great Wall we see today mostly dates back to the Ming Dynasty. The best- preserved and most imposing section is at Badaling in Beijing. The section，located outside the Juyongguan Pass .is made of large blue bricks and has an average height of 7. 8 meters. Five to six horses can be ridden abreast along it. At regular intervals there is an arched door leading to the top of the wall. The walls are cov- ered with many lookout holes，window embrasures and castellated crenels. Beacon towers were also built at fixed intervals for passing on military information. All these indicate the important role of the Great Wall in military defense. 我们今日所看到的长城大部分建于明朝。其中保存最完好以及最负盛名的是于位北京境内的八达岭长城。坐落在居庸关的这部分长城全山青砖砌成，平均高度7.8米，可以并排通过5至6匹战马。城墙每隔一段就设建一个通向长城顶部的拱门。城墙上布满了了望口、射洞和墩堡。每隔一定距离就建造一座烽火台，用来传递军情在长城的整个军事防御体系中，这一切都起着非常重要的作用。 As one of the most magnificent ancient defense works .the Great Wall is known as one of the wonders of the world. All tourists now know the saying，"You are not a real person until you have climbed the Great Wall.” 作为古代最宏大的防御工事之一，长城是世界上的一个奇迹。如今的游客都知道这样一句话:“不到长城非好汉”。 The Great Wall was put on the world cultural heritage list in 1987. 长城于1987年被列人《世界文化遗产名录》。