双语新闻：各国实施出口限制，导致谷物和食用油等重要食品价格上涨
Important foods like grains and cooking oil again are growing more costly in many places around the world.
谷物和食用油等重要食品在世界许多地方的价格再次上涨。
Observers say that is because countries have put export restrictions in place to protect food supplies at home. They also blame the price rise on weather conditions and the Ukraine war.
观察人士说，这是因为各国实施了出口限制，以保护国内的粮食供应。他们还将价格上涨归咎于天气状况和乌克兰战争。
Caroline Kyalo is a 28-year-old who works at a hair salon in Kenya's capital Nairobi. She experienced the rising cost of food while planning meals for her two children. The price of onions has risen by 200 percent since neighboring Tanzania restricted agricultural exports. Kyalo tried a different kind of onion but those became too costly as well. Cooking oil and corn flour prices are increasing also.
28岁的Caroline Kyalo在肯尼亚首都内罗毕的一家美发沙龙工作。在为两个孩子计划膳食时，她经历了食品成本的上涨。自从邻国坦桑尼亚限制农产品出口以来，洋葱价格上涨了200%。Kyalo尝试了另一种洋葱，但这些洋葱也变得太贵了。食用油和玉米粉的价格也在上涨。
So, she said, "I just decided to be cooking once a day."
所以，她说：“我决定每天做一次饭。”
East Africa has fertile land and a large workforce. But the high cost of growing and transporting crops and a lack of rain have resulted in decreased local production. In the case of onions, the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization found that, in 2014, Kenya was getting half of its onions from Tanzania. Some traders have tried to get supplies from Ethiopia. Others have stopped selling onions altogether.
东非土地肥沃，劳动力众多。但种植和运输作物的高昂成本以及缺乏雨水导致当地产量下降。就洋葱而言，联合国粮食及农业组织发现，2014年，肯尼亚一半的洋葱来自坦桑尼亚。一些贸易商试图从埃塞俄比亚获得物资。其他人则完全停止销售洋葱。
But Timothy Kinyua, who says prices have reached their highest level in seven years, promised he would sell the crop.
但Timothy Kinyua表示，价格已达到七年来的最高水平，他承诺将出售这种作物。
"It's something we can't cook without," he said.
他说：“没有它，我们就无法烹饪。”
Spreading food restrictions
传播食品限制
Joseph Glauber is with the International Food Policy Research Institute in Washington. He said Tanzania's onion limits this year are one example of the spread of food restrictions. He called it a "contagion," or something that spreads like an infectious disease. His organization says that 19 countries have put 41 food export restrictions in place. The restrictions include bans or taxes.
Joseph Glauber在华盛顿的国际粮食政策研究所工作。他说，坦桑尼亚今年对洋葱的限制是食品限制扩大的一个例子。他称之为“传染病”，或像传染病一样传播的东西。他的组织说，19个国家实施了41项食品出口限制。这些限制包括禁令或税收。
India banned the export of some rice earlier this year cutting one fifth of the world's export market. Myanmar answered with its own export bans. India has also restricted onion exports. The action sent prices climbing in Bangladesh.
今年早些时候，印度禁止了一些大米的出口，切断了世界五分之一的出口市场。缅甸以自己的出口禁令作为回应。印度还限制洋葱出口。这一行动导致孟加拉国的物价攀升。
Dry weather in Spain has hurt its olive crop causing European buyers to look to Turkey. But rising prices there led to export limits.
西班牙的干旱天气损害了其橄榄作物，导致欧洲买家将目光投向土耳其。但那里的物价上涨导致了出口限制。
Morocco, which suffered a deadly earthquake recently, has also stopped exports of crops including onions, potatoes and tomatoes.
摩洛哥最近遭受了致命地震，也停止了洋葱、土豆和西红柿等作物的出口。
‘The new normal'
“新常态”
Over a period of years, food prices change sharply. In 2007 and 2008, rice and wheat prices doubled. Glauber, who also is a former economist from the Department of Agriculture, said changes are likely to continue.
多年来，食品价格急剧变化。2007年和2008年，大米和小麦价格翻了一番。Glauber也是农业部的前经济学家，他说变化可能会继续。
"I think increased volatility is certainly the new normal," he said.
他说：“我认为波动性的增加肯定是新常态。”
For example, both Russia and Ukraine are major suppliers of wheat, barely, sunflower oil and several other foods important to developing nations. The conflict between them interferes with production by both.
例如，俄罗斯和乌克兰都是小麦、玉米、葵花油和其他几种对发展中国家很重要的食品的主要供应商。他们之间的冲突干扰了双方的生产。
Changes in weather are also affecting agriculture, observers say. El Niño is a periodic warm current in the southern Pacific Ocean. It is linked to changes in weather in several places around the world. Some scientists say climate change could make the El Niño current more severe affecting weather everywhere.
观察人士说，天气的变化也在影响农业。厄尔尼诺；o是南太平洋的一股周期性暖流。它与世界上几个地方的天气变化有关。一些科学家说，气候变化可能使厄尔尼诺现象；o目前各地天气影响更为恶劣。
For example, a lack of rain in India means export restrictions there might not end with the new rice harvest in October.
例如，印度缺雨意味着出口限制可能不会随着10月份新的水稻收成而结束。
Importers face added risk
进口商面临更大的风险
Most at risk from weather changes are nations that depend heavily on imported food. The World Banks, for example, notes that the Philippines imports 14 percent of its food. However, recent storms could mean further crop deficits. Rice prices there increased 8.7 percent in August. That is double the increase from the month before.
受天气变化影响最大的是严重依赖进口食品的国家。例如，世界银行指出，菲律宾14%的粮食进口。然而，最近的风暴可能意味着进一步的作物短缺。8月份，那里的大米价格上涨了8.7%。这是前一个月增长的两倍。
Since prices increased, Philippine food store owners say they are losing money.
由于价格上涨，菲律宾食品店老板说他们正在赔钱。
Thirty-two-year-old Charina Em owns a store in the Trabajo market in Manila.
32岁的Charina Em在马尼拉的Trabajo市场拥有一家商店。
"We cannot save money anymore. It is like we just work so that we can have food daily," she said.
她说：“我们不能再省钱了。这就像我们只是为了每天都有食物而工作。”
Cynthia Esguerra is 66 years old and has several diseases. She said she has had to choose between medicines and food.
辛西娅·埃斯格拉现年66岁，患有多种疾病。她说她不得不在药物和食物之间做出选择。
"I just don't worry about my sickness. I leave it up to God. I don't buy medicines anymore, I just put it there to buy food, or loans," she said.
她说：“我只是不担心我的病。我把它交给上帝。我不再买药了，我只是把它放在那里买食物或贷款。”
谷物和食用油等重要食品在世界许多地方的价格再次上涨。
Observers say that is because countries have put export restrictions in place to protect food supplies at home. They also blame the price rise on weather conditions and the Ukraine war.
观察人士说，这是因为各国实施了出口限制，以保护国内的粮食供应。他们还将价格上涨归咎于天气状况和乌克兰战争。
Caroline Kyalo is a 28-year-old who works at a hair salon in Kenya's capital Nairobi. She experienced the rising cost of food while planning meals for her two children. The price of onions has risen by 200 percent since neighboring Tanzania restricted agricultural exports. Kyalo tried a different kind of onion but those became too costly as well. Cooking oil and corn flour prices are increasing also.
28岁的Caroline Kyalo在肯尼亚首都内罗毕的一家美发沙龙工作。在为两个孩子计划膳食时，她经历了食品成本的上涨。自从邻国坦桑尼亚限制农产品出口以来，洋葱价格上涨了200%。Kyalo尝试了另一种洋葱，但这些洋葱也变得太贵了。食用油和玉米粉的价格也在上涨。
So, she said, "I just decided to be cooking once a day."
所以，她说：“我决定每天做一次饭。”
East Africa has fertile land and a large workforce. But the high cost of growing and transporting crops and a lack of rain have resulted in decreased local production. In the case of onions, the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization found that, in 2014, Kenya was getting half of its onions from Tanzania. Some traders have tried to get supplies from Ethiopia. Others have stopped selling onions altogether.
东非土地肥沃，劳动力众多。但种植和运输作物的高昂成本以及缺乏雨水导致当地产量下降。就洋葱而言，联合国粮食及农业组织发现，2014年，肯尼亚一半的洋葱来自坦桑尼亚。一些贸易商试图从埃塞俄比亚获得物资。其他人则完全停止销售洋葱。
But Timothy Kinyua, who says prices have reached their highest level in seven years, promised he would sell the crop.
但Timothy Kinyua表示，价格已达到七年来的最高水平，他承诺将出售这种作物。
"It's something we can't cook without," he said.
他说：“没有它，我们就无法烹饪。”
Spreading food restrictions
传播食品限制
Joseph Glauber is with the International Food Policy Research Institute in Washington. He said Tanzania's onion limits this year are one example of the spread of food restrictions. He called it a "contagion," or something that spreads like an infectious disease. His organization says that 19 countries have put 41 food export restrictions in place. The restrictions include bans or taxes.
Joseph Glauber在华盛顿的国际粮食政策研究所工作。他说，坦桑尼亚今年对洋葱的限制是食品限制扩大的一个例子。他称之为“传染病”，或像传染病一样传播的东西。他的组织说，19个国家实施了41项食品出口限制。这些限制包括禁令或税收。
India banned the export of some rice earlier this year cutting one fifth of the world's export market. Myanmar answered with its own export bans. India has also restricted onion exports. The action sent prices climbing in Bangladesh.
今年早些时候，印度禁止了一些大米的出口，切断了世界五分之一的出口市场。缅甸以自己的出口禁令作为回应。印度还限制洋葱出口。这一行动导致孟加拉国的物价攀升。
Dry weather in Spain has hurt its olive crop causing European buyers to look to Turkey. But rising prices there led to export limits.
西班牙的干旱天气损害了其橄榄作物，导致欧洲买家将目光投向土耳其。但那里的物价上涨导致了出口限制。
Morocco, which suffered a deadly earthquake recently, has also stopped exports of crops including onions, potatoes and tomatoes.
摩洛哥最近遭受了致命地震，也停止了洋葱、土豆和西红柿等作物的出口。
‘The new normal'
“新常态”
Over a period of years, food prices change sharply. In 2007 and 2008, rice and wheat prices doubled. Glauber, who also is a former economist from the Department of Agriculture, said changes are likely to continue.
多年来，食品价格急剧变化。2007年和2008年，大米和小麦价格翻了一番。Glauber也是农业部的前经济学家，他说变化可能会继续。
"I think increased volatility is certainly the new normal," he said.
他说：“我认为波动性的增加肯定是新常态。”
For example, both Russia and Ukraine are major suppliers of wheat, barely, sunflower oil and several other foods important to developing nations. The conflict between them interferes with production by both.
例如，俄罗斯和乌克兰都是小麦、玉米、葵花油和其他几种对发展中国家很重要的食品的主要供应商。他们之间的冲突干扰了双方的生产。
Changes in weather are also affecting agriculture, observers say. El Niño is a periodic warm current in the southern Pacific Ocean. It is linked to changes in weather in several places around the world. Some scientists say climate change could make the El Niño current more severe affecting weather everywhere.
观察人士说，天气的变化也在影响农业。厄尔尼诺；o是南太平洋的一股周期性暖流。它与世界上几个地方的天气变化有关。一些科学家说，气候变化可能使厄尔尼诺现象；o目前各地天气影响更为恶劣。
For example, a lack of rain in India means export restrictions there might not end with the new rice harvest in October.
例如，印度缺雨意味着出口限制可能不会随着10月份新的水稻收成而结束。
Importers face added risk
进口商面临更大的风险
Most at risk from weather changes are nations that depend heavily on imported food. The World Banks, for example, notes that the Philippines imports 14 percent of its food. However, recent storms could mean further crop deficits. Rice prices there increased 8.7 percent in August. That is double the increase from the month before.
受天气变化影响最大的是严重依赖进口食品的国家。例如，世界银行指出，菲律宾14%的粮食进口。然而，最近的风暴可能意味着进一步的作物短缺。8月份，那里的大米价格上涨了8.7%。这是前一个月增长的两倍。
Since prices increased, Philippine food store owners say they are losing money.
由于价格上涨，菲律宾食品店老板说他们正在赔钱。
Thirty-two-year-old Charina Em owns a store in the Trabajo market in Manila.
32岁的Charina Em在马尼拉的Trabajo市场拥有一家商店。
"We cannot save money anymore. It is like we just work so that we can have food daily," she said.
她说：“我们不能再省钱了。这就像我们只是为了每天都有食物而工作。”
Cynthia Esguerra is 66 years old and has several diseases. She said she has had to choose between medicines and food.
辛西娅·埃斯格拉现年66岁，患有多种疾病。她说她不得不在药物和食物之间做出选择。
"I just don't worry about my sickness. I leave it up to God. I don't buy medicines anymore, I just put it there to buy food, or loans," she said.
她说：“我只是不担心我的病。我把它交给上帝。我不再买药了，我只是把它放在那里买食物或贷款。”
