双语新闻：三位教授因电子研究获诺贝尔物理学奖
Three European physics professors won the Nobel Prize on Tuesday for their work on a system that permits scientists to study electrons.
周二，三位欧洲物理学教授因其在一个允许科学家研究电子的系统方面的工作而获得诺贝尔奖。
Electrons are one of the three particles that make up atoms.
电子是构成原子的三种粒子之一。
They are so small, however, and move so fast, that scientists had never been able to observe them.
然而，它们如此之小，移动如此之快，以至于科学家们从未能够观察到它们。
However, the work of French-Swedish physicist Anne L'Huillier, French physicist Pierre Agostini and Hungarian-born physicist Ferenc Krausz solved that problem.
然而，法国-瑞典物理学家Anne L’Huillier、法国物理学家Pierre Agostini和匈牙利出生的物理学家Ferenc Krausz的工作解决了这个问题。
The professors carried out research that showed how ultra-fast light could permit scientists to "see" an electron for the first time.
教授们进行的研究表明，超快的光是如何让科学家第一次“看到”电子的。
"You can see whether it's on one side of a molecule or on the other," L'Huillier, 65, said. "It's still very blurry."
65岁的L’Huillier说：“你可以看到它是在分子的一侧还是在另一侧。”“还是很模糊。”
The system that came from their work creates light that shows the fast-moving electron in its orbit around the nucleus.
他们的工作产生的系统产生的光显示了围绕原子核轨道上快速移动的电子。
Krausz's team first created the short light pulses in the early 2000s. He said the system is similar to a camera with a fast shutter speed that permits a photographer to capture a Formula One race car as it crosses the finish line.
克劳斯的团队在21世纪初首次创造了短光脉冲。他说，该系统类似于一台快门速度快的相机，摄影师可以在一级方程式赛车冲过终点线时捕捉到它。
Using a special camera with light to see a clear image of a hummingbird's fast wing movements is another example.
另一个例子是，使用一台带光的特殊相机可以清晰地看到蜂鸟快速翅膀运动的图像。
But the speed of an electron is so fast that it could not be captured before the scientists produced experiments that showed it was possible to create a flash of light in one quintillionth of a second.
但电子的速度如此之快，以至于在科学家们进行实验证明有可能在五分之一秒内产生闪光之前，它无法被捕获。
Mats Larsson of the Nobel Committee said the electrons are the "workforce" of the atom. "Once you can control and understand electrons, you have taken a very big step forward."
诺贝尔委员会的Mats Larsson说，电子是原子的“劳动力”。“一旦你能够控制和理解电子，你就向前迈出了一大步。”
The method to study electrons should help scientists develop better electronic devices or study molecules for medical purposes.
研究电子的方法应该有助于科学家开发更好的电子设备或研究用于医学目的的分子。
L'Huillier is the fifth woman to receive the physics Nobel. She said her work is important because electrons are "how the atoms bind together," and where the chemical reactions happen.
L’Huillier是第五位获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性。她说，她的工作很重要，因为电子是“原子结合在一起的方式”，也是化学反应发生的地方。
She said she spent 30 years working on the project, and she wants other scientists to keep working on "fundamental science" no matter how it might be used in the future. It did not become clear how her work would be used in "the real world" until many years passed.
她说，她花了30年的时间研究这个项目，她希望其他科学家继续研究“基础科学”，无论未来如何使用。直到许多年过去，她的作品将如何在“现实世界”中使用才变得清晰起来。
L'Huillier was in the middle of teaching a class at Lund University in Sweden when she got the news. "It's incredible," she said. She went back to teaching the class after being told of the prize.
L’Huillier得知这个消息时正在瑞典隆德大学上课。“太不可思议了，”她说。得知获奖消息后，她又开始上课了。
Agostini is a retired professor at The Ohio State University. Krausz is a professor at the Max Planck Institute in Germany.
阿戈斯蒂尼是俄亥俄州立大学的退休教授。克劳斯是德国马克斯·普朗克研究所的教授。
"I did not expect it," Krausz said. "I am overwhelmed," he added, asking if he was "in reality or it's just a long dream."
“我没想到，”克劳斯说。“我不知所措，”他补充道，问自己是“在现实中，还是只是一个漫长的梦想。”
Agostini was in Paris when the news was announced but did not get a call from the Nobel Committee. He suggested the Nobel group was looking for him Columbus, Ohio, where Ohio State is located.
消息公布时，阿戈斯蒂尼正在巴黎，但没有接到诺贝尔委员会的电话。他表示，诺贝尔奖小组正在俄亥俄州哥伦布市寻找他。
The 82-year-old said the prize was "good, but a bit late for me."
这位82岁的老人说这个奖“很好，但对我来说有点晚了。”
L'Huillier experimented with how a laser affects atoms in a gas causing electrons to produce light. Krausz worked on creating a system that could detect a single, very fast light pulse. Agostini was able to investigate a series of very fast pulses.
L’Huillier实验了激光如何影响气体中的原子，使电子产生光。克劳斯致力于创建一个可以检测单个非常快的光脉冲的系统。阿戈斯蒂尼能够研究一系列非常快的脉冲。
All the experiments showed that it would be possible one day to observe an image captured in an extremely small fraction of a second, known as an attosecond.
所有的实验都表明，有一天可以观察到在极短的一秒钟内拍摄到的图像，即阿秒。
Physics is the second Nobel Prize of the week. Two scientists earned the medicine prize on Monday for their work on mRNA that led to COVID-19 vaccines.
物理学是本周的第二个诺贝尔奖。周一，两名科学家因其在导致新冠肺炎疫苗的mRNA方面的工作而获得医学奖。
Chemistry, literature, peace and economics come next.
接下来是化学、文学、和平和经济学。
周二，三位欧洲物理学教授因其在一个允许科学家研究电子的系统方面的工作而获得诺贝尔奖。
Electrons are one of the three particles that make up atoms.
电子是构成原子的三种粒子之一。
They are so small, however, and move so fast, that scientists had never been able to observe them.
然而，它们如此之小，移动如此之快，以至于科学家们从未能够观察到它们。
However, the work of French-Swedish physicist Anne L'Huillier, French physicist Pierre Agostini and Hungarian-born physicist Ferenc Krausz solved that problem.
然而，法国-瑞典物理学家Anne L’Huillier、法国物理学家Pierre Agostini和匈牙利出生的物理学家Ferenc Krausz的工作解决了这个问题。
The professors carried out research that showed how ultra-fast light could permit scientists to "see" an electron for the first time.
教授们进行的研究表明，超快的光是如何让科学家第一次“看到”电子的。
"You can see whether it's on one side of a molecule or on the other," L'Huillier, 65, said. "It's still very blurry."
65岁的L’Huillier说：“你可以看到它是在分子的一侧还是在另一侧。”“还是很模糊。”
The system that came from their work creates light that shows the fast-moving electron in its orbit around the nucleus.
他们的工作产生的系统产生的光显示了围绕原子核轨道上快速移动的电子。
Krausz's team first created the short light pulses in the early 2000s. He said the system is similar to a camera with a fast shutter speed that permits a photographer to capture a Formula One race car as it crosses the finish line.
克劳斯的团队在21世纪初首次创造了短光脉冲。他说，该系统类似于一台快门速度快的相机，摄影师可以在一级方程式赛车冲过终点线时捕捉到它。
Using a special camera with light to see a clear image of a hummingbird's fast wing movements is another example.
另一个例子是，使用一台带光的特殊相机可以清晰地看到蜂鸟快速翅膀运动的图像。
But the speed of an electron is so fast that it could not be captured before the scientists produced experiments that showed it was possible to create a flash of light in one quintillionth of a second.
但电子的速度如此之快，以至于在科学家们进行实验证明有可能在五分之一秒内产生闪光之前，它无法被捕获。
Mats Larsson of the Nobel Committee said the electrons are the "workforce" of the atom. "Once you can control and understand electrons, you have taken a very big step forward."
诺贝尔委员会的Mats Larsson说，电子是原子的“劳动力”。“一旦你能够控制和理解电子，你就向前迈出了一大步。”
The method to study electrons should help scientists develop better electronic devices or study molecules for medical purposes.
研究电子的方法应该有助于科学家开发更好的电子设备或研究用于医学目的的分子。
L'Huillier is the fifth woman to receive the physics Nobel. She said her work is important because electrons are "how the atoms bind together," and where the chemical reactions happen.
L’Huillier是第五位获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性。她说，她的工作很重要，因为电子是“原子结合在一起的方式”，也是化学反应发生的地方。
She said she spent 30 years working on the project, and she wants other scientists to keep working on "fundamental science" no matter how it might be used in the future. It did not become clear how her work would be used in "the real world" until many years passed.
她说，她花了30年的时间研究这个项目，她希望其他科学家继续研究“基础科学”，无论未来如何使用。直到许多年过去，她的作品将如何在“现实世界”中使用才变得清晰起来。
L'Huillier was in the middle of teaching a class at Lund University in Sweden when she got the news. "It's incredible," she said. She went back to teaching the class after being told of the prize.
L’Huillier得知这个消息时正在瑞典隆德大学上课。“太不可思议了，”她说。得知获奖消息后，她又开始上课了。
Agostini is a retired professor at The Ohio State University. Krausz is a professor at the Max Planck Institute in Germany.
阿戈斯蒂尼是俄亥俄州立大学的退休教授。克劳斯是德国马克斯·普朗克研究所的教授。
"I did not expect it," Krausz said. "I am overwhelmed," he added, asking if he was "in reality or it's just a long dream."
“我没想到，”克劳斯说。“我不知所措，”他补充道，问自己是“在现实中，还是只是一个漫长的梦想。”
Agostini was in Paris when the news was announced but did not get a call from the Nobel Committee. He suggested the Nobel group was looking for him Columbus, Ohio, where Ohio State is located.
消息公布时，阿戈斯蒂尼正在巴黎，但没有接到诺贝尔委员会的电话。他表示，诺贝尔奖小组正在俄亥俄州哥伦布市寻找他。
The 82-year-old said the prize was "good, but a bit late for me."
这位82岁的老人说这个奖“很好，但对我来说有点晚了。”
L'Huillier experimented with how a laser affects atoms in a gas causing electrons to produce light. Krausz worked on creating a system that could detect a single, very fast light pulse. Agostini was able to investigate a series of very fast pulses.
L’Huillier实验了激光如何影响气体中的原子，使电子产生光。克劳斯致力于创建一个可以检测单个非常快的光脉冲的系统。阿戈斯蒂尼能够研究一系列非常快的脉冲。
All the experiments showed that it would be possible one day to observe an image captured in an extremely small fraction of a second, known as an attosecond.
所有的实验都表明，有一天可以观察到在极短的一秒钟内拍摄到的图像，即阿秒。
Physics is the second Nobel Prize of the week. Two scientists earned the medicine prize on Monday for their work on mRNA that led to COVID-19 vaccines.
物理学是本周的第二个诺贝尔奖。周一，两名科学家因其在导致新冠肺炎疫苗的mRNA方面的工作而获得医学奖。
Chemistry, literature, peace and economics come next.
接下来是化学、文学、和平和经济学。
