双语新闻：匈牙利裔美国人卡塔林·卡里科和美国人德鲁·韦斯曼因新冠肺炎疫苗研究获诺贝尔医学奖
Two scientists have won the Nobel Prize in Medicine for making molecule discoveries that helped create COVID-19 vaccines.
两名科学家因其分子发现帮助研制新冠肺炎疫苗而获得诺贝尔医学奖。
The Nobel Assembly at Sweden’s Karolinska Institute announced the winners Monday. They are Hungarian-American Katalin Kariko and American Drew Weissman.
在瑞典卡罗琳斯卡研究所举行的诺贝尔大会星期一宣布了获奖者。他们是匈牙利裔美国人卡塔林·卡里科和美国人德鲁·韦斯曼。
Members of the assembly praised the two scientists for assisting in “the unprecedented rate of vaccine development during one of the greatest threats to human health in modern times."
大会成员赞扬这两位科学家协助“在现代人类健康面临的最大威胁之一，以前所未有的速度开发疫苗”。
Kariko and Weissman have long cooperated on research while working as professors at the University of Pennsylvania. The two centered on a technology called messenger RNA, or mRNA.
卡里科和韦斯曼在宾夕法尼亚大学担任教授期间，长期合作进行研究。这两项技术的核心是信使核糖核酸（信使核糖核酸）。
Technology companies such as Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna used mRNA to create their COVID-19 vaccines. The vaccines were deployed around the world to fight the disease.
Pfizer-BioNTech和Moderna等科技公司使用mRNA生产新冠肺炎疫苗。这些疫苗被部署在世界各地以对抗这种疾病。
The Nobel organization said the two scientists had changed "our understanding of how mRNA interacts with our immune system.”
诺贝尔组织表示，这两位科学家改变了“我们对信使核糖核酸如何与免疫系统相互作用的理解”。
Vaccine makers usually add elements of an inactive or weakened virus to the shot mixture. But with mRNA vaccines, scientists instead create a genetic material to direct the human body to produce antibodies and recognize and destroy the virus.
疫苗制造商通常会在疫苗混合物中添加无活性或弱化病毒的成分。但有了信使核糖核酸疫苗，科学家们反而创造了一种遗传物质，引导人体产生抗体，识别并摧毁病毒。
Research on mRNA has gone on for about 30 years. But no mRNA vaccine was developed and approved for use on people until the COVID-19 pandemic. In early experiments, researchers discovered that injecting laboratory-grown mRNA into animals usually led to a body reaction that destroyed it.
信使核糖核酸的研究已经进行了大约30年。但直到新冠肺炎大流行，mRNA疫苗才被开发并批准用于人类。在早期的实验中，研究人员发现，将实验室培育的信使核糖核酸注射到动物体内通常会导致身体反应，从而破坏信使核糖核酸。
But Kariko and Weissman found a way to make a small change, or modification, to the building blocks of RNA that permitted it to survive immune defenses in the body. Their discovery was seen as breaking a major barrier because it showed that mRNA technology could be used as a treatment in humans.
但卡里科和韦斯曼找到了一种方法，对RNA的构建块进行微小的改变或修饰，使其能够在体内的免疫防御中存活下来。他们的发现被视为打破了一个主要障碍，因为它表明信使核糖核酸技术可以用于人类的治疗。
The 68-year-old Kariko is the 13th woman to win the Nobel Prize in medicine. She was a vice president at BioNTech, which partnered with Pfizer to make one of the COVID-19 vaccines. She and the 64-year-old Weissman met by chance in the 1990s at the University of Pennsylvania.
现年68岁的卡里科是第13位获得诺贝尔医学奖的女性。她是BioNTech的副总裁，该公司与辉瑞合作生产新冠肺炎疫苗之一。20世纪90年代，她和64岁的韦斯曼在宾夕法尼亚大学偶然相遇。
Kariko noted that her husband was first to pick up the early morning call about the news. She said she then watched the announcement to make sure it was true. "I was very much surprised. But I am very happy.”
卡里科指出，她的丈夫是第一个接到关于这一消息的清晨电话的人。她说，她随后观看了这则公告，以确保其真实性。“我很惊讶。但我很高兴。”
In reaction to his prize, Weissman said, “The future is just so incredible. We’ve been thinking for years about everything that we could do with RNA, and now it’s here.”
韦斯曼在回应自己的获奖时说：“未来太不可思议了。多年来，我们一直在思考我们可以用RNA做的一切，现在它就在这里。”
The two researchers have cooperated for many years, with Kariko centering on RNA and Weissman studying related immunology. “We educated each other,” Kariko said.
两位研究人员合作多年，Kariko专注于RNA，Weissman研究相关免疫学。“我们互相教育，”卡里科说。
The prize comes with an award of $1 million. An award ceremony for all the Nobel awards, except the Peace Prize, is set for December 10 in Stockholm. The Peace Prize ceremony will take place in Norway’s capital, Oslo.
奖金为100万美元。除和平奖外，所有诺贝尔奖的颁奖典礼定于12月10日在斯德哥尔摩举行。和平奖颁奖典礼将在挪威首都奥斯陆举行。
Other Nobel announcements will be made this week. The prize in physics will be announced Tuesday. Chemistry will be announced Wednesday, while literature will be awarded on Thursday. The Nobel Peace Prize is set to be announced Friday.
本周还将发布其他诺贝尔奖公告。物理学奖将于周二公布。化学奖将于周三公布，文学奖将于周四公布。诺贝尔和平奖定于周五揭晓。
两名科学家因其分子发现帮助研制新冠肺炎疫苗而获得诺贝尔医学奖。
The Nobel Assembly at Sweden’s Karolinska Institute announced the winners Monday. They are Hungarian-American Katalin Kariko and American Drew Weissman.
在瑞典卡罗琳斯卡研究所举行的诺贝尔大会星期一宣布了获奖者。他们是匈牙利裔美国人卡塔林·卡里科和美国人德鲁·韦斯曼。
Members of the assembly praised the two scientists for assisting in “the unprecedented rate of vaccine development during one of the greatest threats to human health in modern times."
大会成员赞扬这两位科学家协助“在现代人类健康面临的最大威胁之一，以前所未有的速度开发疫苗”。
Kariko and Weissman have long cooperated on research while working as professors at the University of Pennsylvania. The two centered on a technology called messenger RNA, or mRNA.
卡里科和韦斯曼在宾夕法尼亚大学担任教授期间，长期合作进行研究。这两项技术的核心是信使核糖核酸（信使核糖核酸）。
Technology companies such as Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna used mRNA to create their COVID-19 vaccines. The vaccines were deployed around the world to fight the disease.
Pfizer-BioNTech和Moderna等科技公司使用mRNA生产新冠肺炎疫苗。这些疫苗被部署在世界各地以对抗这种疾病。
The Nobel organization said the two scientists had changed "our understanding of how mRNA interacts with our immune system.”
诺贝尔组织表示，这两位科学家改变了“我们对信使核糖核酸如何与免疫系统相互作用的理解”。
Vaccine makers usually add elements of an inactive or weakened virus to the shot mixture. But with mRNA vaccines, scientists instead create a genetic material to direct the human body to produce antibodies and recognize and destroy the virus.
疫苗制造商通常会在疫苗混合物中添加无活性或弱化病毒的成分。但有了信使核糖核酸疫苗，科学家们反而创造了一种遗传物质，引导人体产生抗体，识别并摧毁病毒。
Research on mRNA has gone on for about 30 years. But no mRNA vaccine was developed and approved for use on people until the COVID-19 pandemic. In early experiments, researchers discovered that injecting laboratory-grown mRNA into animals usually led to a body reaction that destroyed it.
信使核糖核酸的研究已经进行了大约30年。但直到新冠肺炎大流行，mRNA疫苗才被开发并批准用于人类。在早期的实验中，研究人员发现，将实验室培育的信使核糖核酸注射到动物体内通常会导致身体反应，从而破坏信使核糖核酸。
But Kariko and Weissman found a way to make a small change, or modification, to the building blocks of RNA that permitted it to survive immune defenses in the body. Their discovery was seen as breaking a major barrier because it showed that mRNA technology could be used as a treatment in humans.
但卡里科和韦斯曼找到了一种方法，对RNA的构建块进行微小的改变或修饰，使其能够在体内的免疫防御中存活下来。他们的发现被视为打破了一个主要障碍，因为它表明信使核糖核酸技术可以用于人类的治疗。
The 68-year-old Kariko is the 13th woman to win the Nobel Prize in medicine. She was a vice president at BioNTech, which partnered with Pfizer to make one of the COVID-19 vaccines. She and the 64-year-old Weissman met by chance in the 1990s at the University of Pennsylvania.
现年68岁的卡里科是第13位获得诺贝尔医学奖的女性。她是BioNTech的副总裁，该公司与辉瑞合作生产新冠肺炎疫苗之一。20世纪90年代，她和64岁的韦斯曼在宾夕法尼亚大学偶然相遇。
Kariko noted that her husband was first to pick up the early morning call about the news. She said she then watched the announcement to make sure it was true. "I was very much surprised. But I am very happy.”
卡里科指出，她的丈夫是第一个接到关于这一消息的清晨电话的人。她说，她随后观看了这则公告，以确保其真实性。“我很惊讶。但我很高兴。”
In reaction to his prize, Weissman said, “The future is just so incredible. We’ve been thinking for years about everything that we could do with RNA, and now it’s here.”
韦斯曼在回应自己的获奖时说：“未来太不可思议了。多年来，我们一直在思考我们可以用RNA做的一切，现在它就在这里。”
The two researchers have cooperated for many years, with Kariko centering on RNA and Weissman studying related immunology. “We educated each other,” Kariko said.
两位研究人员合作多年，Kariko专注于RNA，Weissman研究相关免疫学。“我们互相教育，”卡里科说。
The prize comes with an award of $1 million. An award ceremony for all the Nobel awards, except the Peace Prize, is set for December 10 in Stockholm. The Peace Prize ceremony will take place in Norway’s capital, Oslo.
奖金为100万美元。除和平奖外，所有诺贝尔奖的颁奖典礼定于12月10日在斯德哥尔摩举行。和平奖颁奖典礼将在挪威首都奥斯陆举行。
Other Nobel announcements will be made this week. The prize in physics will be announced Tuesday. Chemistry will be announced Wednesday, while literature will be awarded on Thursday. The Nobel Peace Prize is set to be announced Friday.
本周还将发布其他诺贝尔奖公告。物理学奖将于周二公布。化学奖将于周三公布，文学奖将于周四公布。诺贝尔和平奖定于周五揭晓。
