双语新闻：世卫组织WHO批准第二种疟疾疫苗，建议有患病风险的儿童注射疫苗

The World Health Organization (WHO) approved a second malaria vaccine last week. The decision could offer a less costly and readily available shot to help fight the disease.

世界卫生组织(WHO)上周批准了第二种疟疾疫苗。这一决定可能会提供一种成本更低、更容易获得的疫苗来帮助对抗这种疾病。

WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said the U.N. health agency approved the new malaria vaccine based on advice from two expert groups. They suggested the shot could be given to children at risk of the disease.

世卫组织总干事Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus说，联合国卫生机构根据两个专家组的建议批准了这种新的疟疾疫苗。他们建议给有患病风险的儿童注射这种疫苗。

"As a malaria researcher, I used to dream of the day we would have a safe and effective vaccine against malaria. Now we have two," Tedros said.

“作为一名疟疾研究人员，我曾经梦想有一天我们能研制出安全有效的疟疾疫苗。现在我们有两个了。”

Britain's Oxford University developed the new three-shot vaccine along with the Serum Institute of India. Research suggests it is more than 75 percent effective. The vaccine can protect people for another year with an additional shot called a booster. Tedros said the shot would cost about $2 to $4 and could be available in some countries next year.

英国牛津大学与印度血清研究所一起开发了这种新的三针疫苗。研究表明，它的有效性超过75%。如果再注射一针加强剂，这种疫苗可以再保护人们一年。谭德塞说，这种疫苗的成本约为2至4美元，明年可能在一些国家上市。

Earlier this year, health officials in the African countries of Ghana and Burkina Faso also approved the vaccine.

今年早些时候，非洲国家加纳和布基纳法索的卫生官员也批准了这种疫苗。

Infected mosquitos spread the parasitic disease when they bite people.

受感染的蚊子叮咬人时传播寄生虫病。

"This is one more tool we will now have, but it's not going to replace bed nets and spraying insecticides," said John Johnson of the aid group Doctors Without Borders. "This is not the vaccine that's going to stop malaria," he added. Johnson was not part of the expert groups that advised the WHO.

“这是我们现在拥有的又一个工具，但它不会取代蚊帐和喷洒杀虫剂，”援助组织无国界医生组织的约翰·约翰逊说。他补充说:“这不是一种能够阻止疟疾的疫苗。约翰逊并不是为世卫组织提供建议的专家组的成员。

The WHO approved the first malaria vaccine in 2021. The U.N. agency described the vaccine development as an "historic" effort to end the deadly disease in Africa. The continent is home to most of the world's estimated 200 million malaria cases and 400,000 malaria deaths.

世卫组织于2021年批准了第一种疟疾疫苗。该联合国机构称疫苗的开发是结束非洲致命疾病的“历史性”努力。据估计，世界上有2亿疟疾病例，其中大部分发生在非洲大陆，40万人死于疟疾。

But that vaccine, known as Mosquirix and made by GSK, is only about 30 percent effective. The treatment requires four shots and becomes less effective within months.

但是这种由葛兰素史克公司生产的名为“Mosquirix”的疫苗只有30%的有效性。这种疗法需要打四针，几个月后效果就会降低。

WHO experts, however, said the data to date on the GSK and Oxford-developed vaccines does not show which one is more effective.

然而，世卫组织专家表示，葛兰素史克公司和牛津大学开发的疫苗迄今为止的数据并没有显示哪一种更有效。

The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation had been one of the GSK vaccine's biggest financial supporters. But, the non-profit ended its support for Mosquirix last year. It said the GSK shot was less effective than officials would like and that money would be better used elsewhere.

比尔及梅琳达•盖茨基金会一直是葛兰素史克疫苗最大的资金支持者之一。但是，该非营利组织去年终止了对蚊子的支持。该机构表示，GSK疫苗的效果不如官员们希望的那么好，这笔钱用在其他地方会更好。

"The big difference with these two vaccines is access," Johnson told the Associated Press. He noted that about 10 countries or more could get the GSK vaccine in the next few years.

约翰逊告诉美联社:“这两种疫苗的最大区别在于获取途径。”他指出，在未来几年内，大约有10个或更多的国家可以获得GSK疫苗。

GSK has said it can only produce about 15 million treatments a year. The Serum Institute has said it could make up to 200 million treatments of the Oxford vaccine a year.

葛兰素史克表示，该公司每年只能生产约1500万剂药物。血清研究所表示，每年可以生产多达2亿份牛津疫苗。

Alister Craig is with Britain's Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. He said countries still waiting for the GSK vaccine should turn to the Oxford vaccine instead.

阿利斯特·克雷格就职于英国利物浦热带医学院。他说，仍在等待GSK疫苗的国家应该转而使用牛津疫苗。

If the new vaccine is widely available across Africa, it could greatly reduce severe sickness and deaths caused by malaria in a few years, Craig said.

克雷格说，如果这种新疫苗在非洲广泛使用，它可以在几年内大大减少由疟疾引起的严重疾病和死亡。

Neither of the vaccines stops transmission of malaria. As a result, immunization campaigns alone would not be enough to prevent epidemics. And, reports of resistance to malaria drugs are on the rise.

这两种疫苗都不能阻止疟疾的传播。因此，仅靠免疫运动不足以预防流行病。而且，关于疟疾药物耐药性的报道也在增加。

"You would be foolish to think that this vaccine is going to be the end of the malaria story," Craig said.

克雷格说:“如果你认为这种疫苗会终结疟疾的故事，那你就太傻了。”

Dengue vaccine

登革热疫苗

In a separate decision, the WHO's expert group also approved the dengue vaccine made by Takeda. European Union drug officials approved the dengue vaccine earlier.

在另一项决定中，世卫组织专家组还批准了武田生产的登革热疫苗。欧盟药品官员早些时候批准了登革热疫苗。

The WHO advised that the dengue vaccine be used in children aged 6 to 16 in countries where the disease is widespread.

世卫组织建议，登革热流行国家的6至16岁儿童应接种登革热疫苗。

Dengue killed almost 1,000 people this year in Bangladesh.

登革热今年在孟加拉国造成近1000人死亡。