双语新闻：诺贝尔经济学奖揭晓，授予研究职场性别的教授克劳迪娅•戈尔丁

The Nobel Prize in economics has been awarded to Claudia Goldin for her work on the gap between men and women in the workplace.

诺贝尔经济学奖授予克劳迪娅•戈尔丁，以表彰她对职场男女差距的研究。

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced the prize on Monday. The 77-year-old Goldin is only the third woman among 93 past Nobel economics prizewinners. She is a professor at Harvard University.

瑞典皇家科学院周一宣布了这一奖项。77岁的戈尔丁是93位诺贝尔经济学奖得主中第三位女性。她是哈佛大学的教授。

Goldin's research has shown that even in the field of economics, women earn about 13 percent less than men. The pay gap prevents some women from continuing their education.

戈尔丁的研究表明，即使在经济学领域，女性的收入也比男性低13%左右。工资差距使一些妇女无法继续接受教育。

The Nobel committee credits Goldin with finding missing data to better explain continuing differences between both the pay and work involvement, or participation, of men and women.

诺贝尔奖委员会认为，戈尔丁发现了缺失的数据，从而更好地解释了男性和女性在薪酬和工作投入或参与方面的持续差异。

The group called Goldin "a detective" who found new data sources and "creative ways to use them to measure these unknowns."

该组织称戈尔丁为“侦探”，他发现了新的数据来源，并“创造性地利用它们来衡量这些未知因素”。

Goldin studied information related to female participation in the workplace over 200 years and found that their pay started low and never caught up to men.

戈尔丁研究了200多年来女性参与工作的相关信息，发现她们的工资一开始就很低，从未赶上男性。

She looked at women whose jobs went uncounted, such as those who worked on farms alongside their husbands or made clothing at home. Goldin said the pay gap that existed then still exists today, even as women gain higher levels of education than men.

她研究了那些工作未被统计在内的女性，比如那些和丈夫一起在农场工作或在家做衣服的女性。戈尔丁说，尽管女性受教育程度高于男性，但当时存在的薪酬差距今天仍然存在。

In the 1990s, she said, American women led the world in their labor participation rate. But the rate has dropped since then.

她说，上世纪90年代，美国女性的劳动参与率居世界首位。但自那以后，这一比率有所下降。

"I think something has happened in America," Goldin said. "We have to ... ask questions about piecing together the family, the home ... with the marketplace and employment."

戈尔丁说:“我认为美国发生了一些事情。“我们必须……问一些关于家庭、家庭的问题……与市场和就业有关。”

Even as women have made education gains, Goldin notes, they still often feel pressure to stay at home to care for children or to choose jobs that permit them to be available to children.

戈尔丁指出，尽管女性的教育水平有所提高，但她们仍然常常感到压力，要留在家里照顾孩子，或者选择一份能腾出时间照顾孩子的工作。

"They graduate from college at much higher rates than men. They do better in high school than men do. So why are there these differences?" Goldin asked.

“她们的大学毕业率比男性高得多。她们在高中的表现比男人好。那么为什么会有这些差异呢?”戈尔丁问道。

Randi Hjalmarsson of the Nobel committee said Goldin's work does not provide specific solutions to the problem. However, she said Goldin did identify "the source of the gap, and how it's changed over time ..."

诺贝尔委员会的Randi Hjalmarsson说，戈尔丁的工作并没有为这个问题提供具体的解决方案。然而，她说戈尔丁确实确定了“差距的来源，以及它是如何随着时间而变化的……”

Hjalmarsson added, "By finally understanding the problem and calling it by the right name, we will be able to pave a better route forward."

Hjalmarsson补充说:“通过最终理解这个问题并正确地称呼它，我们将能够铺平一条更好的前进道路。”

Goldin suggested men need to do a better job sharing childcare and work responsibilities. Women, she said, often miss out on career progress that comes with working longer hours or on weekends because they feel pressure to care for children.

戈尔丁建议，男性需要更好地分担照顾孩子和工作责任。她说，女性经常会因为照顾孩子的压力而错过工作时间延长或周末加班带来的职业发展机会。

She also suggested that the U.S. government put more money into after-school programs. "Very few of us have jobs that finish at 3 p.m.," she said. Goldin noted that women in Canada, France and Japan currently have a higher labor participation rate than those in the U.S.

她还建议美国政府在课后项目上投入更多资金。“我们中很少有人下午3点才下班，”她说。戈尔丁指出，加拿大、法国和日本的女性目前的劳动参与率高于美国。

Goldin said some of the work still needs to be done by couples. She notes that "couple equity also leads to more gender equity." Goldin also noted that girls pay attention to how their mothers participated in work and that "each generation (learns) from the successes and failures of preceding generations."

戈尔丁说，有些工作还需要夫妻来完成。她指出，“夫妻平等也会带来更多的性别平等。”戈尔丁还指出，女孩们会注意她们的母亲是如何参与工作的，而且“每一代人都从前几代人的成功和失败中学习”。

The prize comes with an award of about $1 million and will be presented at a ceremony in Sweden later this year.

该奖项的奖金约为100万美元，将于今年晚些时候在瑞典举行的颁奖典礼上颁发。