双语新闻：科学家表示，已建立首个人工智能工具来发现超新星

Scientists say they have built an artificial intelligence (AI) tool that can successfully identify and confirm supernovas.

科学家表示，他们已经建立了一种人工智能(AI)工具，可以成功识别和确认超新星。

A supernova is an "extremely bright, super-powerful explosion of a star," the American space agency NASA reports. The explosion takes place at the end of a star's life.

据美国宇航局报道，超新星是“一颗恒星极其明亮、超强的爆炸”。爆炸发生在恒星生命的末期。

The current process for discovering supernovas usually involves both machines and people. Telescopes repeatedly collect images of the night sky and compare these images to identify differences in observed objects. These differences can suggest the presence of supernovas.

目前发现超新星的过程通常涉及机器和人。望远镜反复收集夜空的图像，并对这些图像进行比较，以识别观察到的物体的差异。这些差异可能暗示着超新星的存在。

Robotic telescopes can present a list of possible supernovas to human scientists. This data is then examined by human scientists whose job it is to identify and confirm supernova candidates. Now, for the first time, researchers say they have successfully used an AI tool to complete all steps in this process.

机器人望远镜可以向人类科学家提供一份可能的超新星列表。这些数据随后由人类科学家检查，他们的工作是识别和确认超新星候选人。现在，研究人员首次表示，他们已经成功地使用人工智能工具完成了这一过程的所有步骤。

An international team of scientists developed the AI-based system. Researchers from Northwestern University in Chicago, Illinois led the team. The team's chief was Adam Miller, an assistant professor of Physics and Astronomy at Northwestern.

一个国际科学家团队开发了基于人工智能的系统。来自伊利诺伊州芝加哥西北大学的研究人员领导了这个团队。该团队的负责人是亚当·米勒，他是西北大学物理学和天文学的助理教授。

Miller said his team recently informed the international astronomical community of its success with the new AI system. The tool is called the Bright Transient Survey Bot, or BTSbot.

米勒说，他的团队最近向国际天文学界通报了新人工智能系统的成功。这个工具被称为“明亮瞬变测量机器人”，简称BTSbot。

The robot was used to find, identify and classify a supernova for the first time, Miller said. He noted that researchers had spent more than 2,000 hours over the past six years looking at telescope data in order to find and classify supernova candidates.

米勒说，这个机器人第一次被用来发现、识别和分类超新星。他指出，在过去的六年里，研究人员花费了2000多个小时来查看望远镜数据，以发现和分类超新星候选者。

"For the first time ever, a series of robots and AI algorithms has observed, then identified, then communicated with another telescope to finally confirm the discovery of a supernova," Miller said.

米勒说:“有史以来第一次，一系列机器人和人工智能算法进行了观察，然后识别，然后与另一台望远镜通信，最终确认了超新星的发现。”

The researchers say the new system can take over much of the work humans now do looking for and classifying supernovas. This can free up scientists to do more in-depth examinations of the supernovas themselves and the reasons they were created.

研究人员表示，新系统可以取代人类现在寻找和分类超新星的大部分工作。这可以让科学家们对超新星本身和它们产生的原因进行更深入的研究。

In order to confirm a supernova, scientists have to examine its spectrum. The spectrum represents the object's dispersed light, which shows elements that were present during the explosion of a supernova.

为了确认一颗超新星，科学家们必须检查它的光谱。光谱代表了物体的散射光，它显示了超新星爆炸期间存在的元素。

The study of supernovas has high scientific value because it can help astronomers learn more about the universe and how it began. For example, NASA says scientists have learned a lot about the behaviors and chemical processes of stars from supernovas.

对超新星的研究具有很高的科学价值，因为它可以帮助天文学家更多地了解宇宙及其起源。例如，美国宇航局表示，科学家已经从超新星中了解了很多关于恒星行为和化学过程的知识。

Miller said the new tool can help researchers "analyze their observations and develop new hypotheses" to explain why the supernova explosions happened.

米勒说，这个新工具可以帮助研究人员“分析他们的观察结果，并提出新的假设”，以解释超新星爆炸发生的原因。

Nabeel Rehemtulla co-led the research and development of the BTSbot. He said the tool greatly "streamlines large studies of supernovas." This helps scientists better understand the life cycles of stars and helps to identify elements supernovas create, such as carbon, iron and gold, Rehemtulla noted.

Nabeel Rehemtulla共同领导了BTSbot的研究和开发。他说，这个工具极大地“简化了对超新星的大规模研究”。Rehemtulla指出，这有助于科学家更好地了解恒星的生命周期，并有助于识别超新星产生的元素，如碳、铁和金。

The research team said testing of the BTSbot involved looking at a newly discovered supernova candidate called SN2023tyk. The AI tool identified the supernova on October 5.

研究小组表示，对BTSbot的测试包括观察一颗新发现的候选超新星SN2023tyk。人工智能工具于10月5日发现了这颗超新星。

After the identification, the BTSbot requested additional data on its own from the California-based Palomar Observatory. Then, another telescope, known as the SED Machine, performed its own "in-depth observations" to get information on the object's spectrum.

在确认之后，BTSbot向位于加州的帕洛马天文台请求额外的数据。然后，另一台被称为SED机器的望远镜进行了自己的“深度观测”，以获得有关物体光谱的信息。

The SED Machine then sent the spectrum data to the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). Caltech uses an AI algorithm to classify the kind of supernova. This can either be a thermonuclear explosion of a white dwarf or the collapse of a star's center, or core.

SED机器然后将频谱数据发送到加州理工学院。加州理工学院使用人工智能算法对超新星进行分类。这可能是白矮星的热核爆炸，也可能是恒星中心或核心的坍塌。

The algorithm classified the supernova a Type 1a, a kind of star explosion in which a white dwarf in a star system fully explodes.

该算法将这颗超新星归类为1a型，这是一种恒星爆炸，恒星系统中的白矮星完全爆炸。

Rehemtulla said the success of the BTSbot will ease supernova identifications, while freeing up human scientists to do more detailed study of the newly discovered objects.

Rehemtulla说，BTSbot的成功将简化超新星识别，同时解放人类科学家对新发现的物体进行更详细的研究。

"The beauty of it is that, once everything is turned on and working properly, we don't actually do anything," Rehemtulla noted. "We go to sleep at night, and, in the morning, we see that BTSbot, and these other AIs, unwaveringly do their jobs."

Rehemtulla说:“它的美妙之处在于，一旦一切都启动并正常工作，我们实际上什么也不做。”“我们晚上睡觉，早上，我们看到BTSbot和其他人工智能，坚定不移地做着他们的工作。”