双语新闻：南极磷虾对地区的食物网很重要，引活动人士的关注
Antarctic krill, a relative of shrimp and crabs, are only a few centimeters in size. But scientists say they are important to the area's food web, including food for some of the Earth's largest animals, whales.
南极磷虾是虾和蟹的近亲，只有几厘米大小。但科学家表示，它们对该地区的食物网很重要，包括地球上一些最大的动物鲸鱼的食物。
Fishing ships in the Antarctic gather krill for use as food in an increasing number of products. That has activists concerned.
南极的渔船收集磷虾作为食物，用于越来越多的产品。这引起了活动人士的关注。
Alistair Allan is an activist with the Bob Brown Foundation, an Australian environmental group with ties to the country's Green Party. Allan said he was worried the ship activity could harm the whales: "You have the ships almost running into whales feeding on the same things they're fishing."
阿利斯泰尔·艾伦是鲍勃·布朗基金会的活动人士，该基金会是一家与澳大利亚绿党有联系的环保组织。艾伦说，他担心船只的活动可能会伤害到鲸鱼:“你几乎会遇到鲸鱼，它们以同样的东西为食。”
Krill fishing is banned in U.S. waters because of concerns it could affect whales, seals and other sea animals. But krill fishing has gone on for about 60 years. It is believed to have started when the former Soviet Union sent an industrial fleet to the Antarctic in search of a supply of high-protein food.
美国水域禁止捕捞磷虾，因为担心这会影响鲸鱼、海豹和其他海洋动物。但磷虾捕捞已经持续了大约60年。据信，这始于前苏联派遣一支工业舰队前往南极寻找高蛋白食物的供应。
Demand has increased over the years. Krill is used a lot in the fish farming industry. They are also used in nutritional supplements, pet food and other high-protein foods.
多年来，需求一直在增长。磷虾在养鱼业中被大量使用。它们也用于营养补充剂、宠物食品和其他高蛋白食品。
The Associated Press reports that 10 to 12 ships, mainly from Norway and China, head to the South Orkney Islands, to fish for krill each December. Fishing countries agreed to a catch limit under a conservation agreement. In 2022, that level was about 416,000 metric tons.
据美联社报道，每年12月，主要来自挪威和中国的10至12艘船前往南奥克尼群岛捕捞磷虾。渔业国家同意在一项保护协议下限制捕捞量。到2022年，这一水平约为41.6万吨。
A coalition of countries led by the U.S. has called for additional restrictions. The coalition says krill is important to other animals. It also says that krill removes greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. However, China and Russia have opposed efforts to put in place new restrictions.
以美国为首的多国联盟呼吁采取更多限制措施。该联盟表示，磷虾对其他动物很重要。报告还说，磷虾可以去除大气中的温室气体。然而，中国和俄罗斯反对实施新的限制措施。
There are reports that the krill boats are a danger to whales. In addition to that, a study from the University of California, Santa Cruz found that pregnancy rates among humpback whales in Antarctica have fallen sharply. The reason, it said, might be a lack of krill.
有报道称，捕磷虾船对鲸鱼构成了威胁。除此之外，加州大学圣克鲁斯分校的一项研究发现，南极洲座头鲸的怀孕率急剧下降。报告称，原因可能是缺少磷虾。
Also, research published by the World Wildlife Fund, a Swiss conservation group, says that krill remove 23 million tons of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The research suggests that krill do this by eating phytoplankton, microscopic forms of life that make food from sunlight and carbon dioxide.
此外，瑞士自然保护组织世界野生动物基金会发表的研究报告称，磷虾从大气中清除了2300万吨二氧化碳。研究表明，磷虾是通过吃浮游植物来做到这一点的，浮游植物是一种利用阳光和二氧化碳制造食物的微小生命形式。
Emma Cavan is a biologist at Imperial College London. She helped write the report. She said: "Antarctic krill are worth more to nature and people left in the ocean..."
艾玛·卡文是伦敦帝国学院的生物学家。她帮助撰写了这份报告。她说:“留在海洋里的南极磷虾对自然和人类来说更有价值……”
More rules for krill harvesting
更多磷虾捕捞规则
The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, or CCAMLR, is an international body with 27 member states established in 1982. The group, based in Tasmania, Australia, makes rules for conservation issues like krill fishing.
南极海洋生物资源保护委员会，简称CCAMLR，是一个拥有27个成员国的国际组织，成立于1982年。该组织总部设在澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚，为磷虾捕捞等保护问题制定规则。
But some supporters of the group say it has to consider climate change in its rules.
但该组织的一些支持者表示，它必须在其规则中考虑气候变化。
Clair Christian is head of the Antarctic and South Ocean Coalition, a nonprofit group based in Washington, D.C. Her group represents environmental groups at CCAMLR meetings. Christian told the AP that CCAMLR is supposed to support conservation, "It's not to enable fishing," she said.
克莱尔·克里斯蒂安是南极和南大洋联盟的负责人，这是一家总部位于华盛顿特区的非营利组织。她的组织代表环保组织参加CCAMLR会议。克里斯蒂安告诉美联社，CCAMLR应该支持保护，“它不是为了使捕鱼成为可能，”她说。
The Australia-based Association of Responsible Krill harvesting companies (ARK) represents members who harvest 90 percent of the Antarctic krill. Members accepted self-imposed restrictions in 2018.
总部位于澳大利亚的负责任磷虾捕捞公司协会(ARK)代表了捕捞南极磷虾90%的成员。成员们在2018年接受了自我施加的限制。
The group has agreed to place stronger rules on moving krill between ships and to study the effects of climate change on krill.
该组织已同意制定更严格的规定，限制在船舶之间运输磷虾，并研究气候变化对磷虾的影响。
But the group says its catch limits should be higher. It noted that its members catch less than one percent of the estimated 60 million metric tons of krill found in the main Antarctic fishing grounds. That leaves 99 percent for whales and other animals.
但该组织表示，其捕捞限制应该更高。它指出，在南极主要渔场发现的估计6000万吨磷虾中，其成员国的捕鱼量不到1%。剩下的99%留给了鲸鱼和其他动物。
Activists, however, are calling for reform. Helena Herr studies whales at the University of Hamburg, in Germany. Herr briefly served in an advisory position with the ARK group. She believes krill fishing should be banned. She said she did not trust the estimates of the amount of krill in the Antarctic.
然而，活动人士正在呼吁改革。海伦娜·赫尔在德国汉堡大学研究鲸鱼。赫尔曾短暂地在方舟组织担任顾问职务。她认为磷虾捕捞应该被禁止。她说她不相信对南极磷虾数量的估计。
"The data is based on such vague assumptions that we don't really know what we're doing," she said.
“这些数据是基于如此模糊的假设，以至于我们并不真正知道我们在做什么，”她说。
南极磷虾是虾和蟹的近亲，只有几厘米大小。但科学家表示，它们对该地区的食物网很重要，包括地球上一些最大的动物鲸鱼的食物。
Fishing ships in the Antarctic gather krill for use as food in an increasing number of products. That has activists concerned.
南极的渔船收集磷虾作为食物，用于越来越多的产品。这引起了活动人士的关注。
Alistair Allan is an activist with the Bob Brown Foundation, an Australian environmental group with ties to the country's Green Party. Allan said he was worried the ship activity could harm the whales: "You have the ships almost running into whales feeding on the same things they're fishing."
阿利斯泰尔·艾伦是鲍勃·布朗基金会的活动人士，该基金会是一家与澳大利亚绿党有联系的环保组织。艾伦说，他担心船只的活动可能会伤害到鲸鱼:“你几乎会遇到鲸鱼，它们以同样的东西为食。”
Krill fishing is banned in U.S. waters because of concerns it could affect whales, seals and other sea animals. But krill fishing has gone on for about 60 years. It is believed to have started when the former Soviet Union sent an industrial fleet to the Antarctic in search of a supply of high-protein food.
美国水域禁止捕捞磷虾，因为担心这会影响鲸鱼、海豹和其他海洋动物。但磷虾捕捞已经持续了大约60年。据信，这始于前苏联派遣一支工业舰队前往南极寻找高蛋白食物的供应。
Demand has increased over the years. Krill is used a lot in the fish farming industry. They are also used in nutritional supplements, pet food and other high-protein foods.
多年来，需求一直在增长。磷虾在养鱼业中被大量使用。它们也用于营养补充剂、宠物食品和其他高蛋白食品。
The Associated Press reports that 10 to 12 ships, mainly from Norway and China, head to the South Orkney Islands, to fish for krill each December. Fishing countries agreed to a catch limit under a conservation agreement. In 2022, that level was about 416,000 metric tons.
据美联社报道，每年12月，主要来自挪威和中国的10至12艘船前往南奥克尼群岛捕捞磷虾。渔业国家同意在一项保护协议下限制捕捞量。到2022年，这一水平约为41.6万吨。
A coalition of countries led by the U.S. has called for additional restrictions. The coalition says krill is important to other animals. It also says that krill removes greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. However, China and Russia have opposed efforts to put in place new restrictions.
以美国为首的多国联盟呼吁采取更多限制措施。该联盟表示，磷虾对其他动物很重要。报告还说，磷虾可以去除大气中的温室气体。然而，中国和俄罗斯反对实施新的限制措施。
There are reports that the krill boats are a danger to whales. In addition to that, a study from the University of California, Santa Cruz found that pregnancy rates among humpback whales in Antarctica have fallen sharply. The reason, it said, might be a lack of krill.
有报道称，捕磷虾船对鲸鱼构成了威胁。除此之外，加州大学圣克鲁斯分校的一项研究发现，南极洲座头鲸的怀孕率急剧下降。报告称，原因可能是缺少磷虾。
Also, research published by the World Wildlife Fund, a Swiss conservation group, says that krill remove 23 million tons of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The research suggests that krill do this by eating phytoplankton, microscopic forms of life that make food from sunlight and carbon dioxide.
此外，瑞士自然保护组织世界野生动物基金会发表的研究报告称，磷虾从大气中清除了2300万吨二氧化碳。研究表明，磷虾是通过吃浮游植物来做到这一点的，浮游植物是一种利用阳光和二氧化碳制造食物的微小生命形式。
Emma Cavan is a biologist at Imperial College London. She helped write the report. She said: "Antarctic krill are worth more to nature and people left in the ocean..."
艾玛·卡文是伦敦帝国学院的生物学家。她帮助撰写了这份报告。她说:“留在海洋里的南极磷虾对自然和人类来说更有价值……”
More rules for krill harvesting
更多磷虾捕捞规则
The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, or CCAMLR, is an international body with 27 member states established in 1982. The group, based in Tasmania, Australia, makes rules for conservation issues like krill fishing.
南极海洋生物资源保护委员会，简称CCAMLR，是一个拥有27个成员国的国际组织，成立于1982年。该组织总部设在澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚，为磷虾捕捞等保护问题制定规则。
But some supporters of the group say it has to consider climate change in its rules.
但该组织的一些支持者表示，它必须在其规则中考虑气候变化。
Clair Christian is head of the Antarctic and South Ocean Coalition, a nonprofit group based in Washington, D.C. Her group represents environmental groups at CCAMLR meetings. Christian told the AP that CCAMLR is supposed to support conservation, "It's not to enable fishing," she said.
克莱尔·克里斯蒂安是南极和南大洋联盟的负责人，这是一家总部位于华盛顿特区的非营利组织。她的组织代表环保组织参加CCAMLR会议。克里斯蒂安告诉美联社，CCAMLR应该支持保护，“它不是为了使捕鱼成为可能，”她说。
The Australia-based Association of Responsible Krill harvesting companies (ARK) represents members who harvest 90 percent of the Antarctic krill. Members accepted self-imposed restrictions in 2018.
总部位于澳大利亚的负责任磷虾捕捞公司协会(ARK)代表了捕捞南极磷虾90%的成员。成员们在2018年接受了自我施加的限制。
The group has agreed to place stronger rules on moving krill between ships and to study the effects of climate change on krill.
该组织已同意制定更严格的规定，限制在船舶之间运输磷虾，并研究气候变化对磷虾的影响。
But the group says its catch limits should be higher. It noted that its members catch less than one percent of the estimated 60 million metric tons of krill found in the main Antarctic fishing grounds. That leaves 99 percent for whales and other animals.
但该组织表示，其捕捞限制应该更高。它指出，在南极主要渔场发现的估计6000万吨磷虾中，其成员国的捕鱼量不到1%。剩下的99%留给了鲸鱼和其他动物。
Activists, however, are calling for reform. Helena Herr studies whales at the University of Hamburg, in Germany. Herr briefly served in an advisory position with the ARK group. She believes krill fishing should be banned. She said she did not trust the estimates of the amount of krill in the Antarctic.
然而，活动人士正在呼吁改革。海伦娜·赫尔在德国汉堡大学研究鲸鱼。赫尔曾短暂地在方舟组织担任顾问职务。她认为磷虾捕捞应该被禁止。她说她不相信对南极磷虾数量的估计。
"The data is based on such vague assumptions that we don't really know what we're doing," she said.
“这些数据是基于如此模糊的假设，以至于我们并不真正知道我们在做什么，”她说。
