双语新闻：人工智能帮助加强数学学习，美国教育工作者质疑数学教学是否应该改变
Some schools in the U.S. are considering whether to ban chatbots, which use artificial intelligence, or AI. However, some math and computer science teachers think chatbots, which "learn" about subjects from the internet, are just another tool.
美国的一些学校正在考虑是否禁止使用人工智能(AI)的聊天机器人。然而，一些数学和计算机科学教师认为，从互联网上“学习”科目的聊天机器人只是另一种工具。
Jack Price has taught math using Wolfram Alpha. It is a website that solves algebraic problems online. It has long threatened to make algebra homework a thing of the past.
杰克·普莱斯用Wolfram Alpha教数学。这是一个在线解决代数问题的网站。长期以来，它一直威胁要让代数作业成为过去式。
Teachers learned to work around and with it, said Price. He is an assistant professor of mathematics and computer science at the University of Puget Sound in the western state of Washington. Now, students have a new online service that provides homework help using AI—ChatGPT—that teachers must deal with.
普赖斯说，教师们学会了如何应对这种情况。他是西部华盛顿州普吉特海湾大学数学和计算机科学的助理教授。现在，学生们有了一项新的在线服务，该服务使用ai - chatgpt提供家庭作业帮助，而教师必须处理这些问题。
Price does not consider ChatGPT to be a threat, and he is not alone. Some math professors believe AI, when used correctly, can help strengthen math learning. It is arriving at a time when math scores are at historic lows and educators are questioning if math should be taught differently.
Price并不认为ChatGPT是一种威胁，而且他并不孤单。一些数学教授认为，如果使用得当，人工智能可以帮助加强数学学习。目前，数学成绩正处于历史低点，教育工作者也在质疑数学教学是否应该改变。
AI can serve as a tutor, giving a student who is struggling with a problem immediate feedback. It can help a teacher plan math lessons or write math problems for different levels of teaching. It can show new computer programmers sample code, permitting them to avoid learning how to write basic code.
人工智能可以充当导师，给正在努力解决问题的学生提供即时反馈。它可以帮助老师计划数学课程或为不同层次的教学写数学问题。它可以向新的计算机程序员展示示例代码，使他们不必学习如何编写基本代码。
"Math has always been evolving as technology evolves," said Price. He said that a hundred years ago, people could not solve problems using calculators.
普莱斯说:“数学一直在随着技术的发展而发展。他说，一百年前，人们不能用计算器解决问题。
Price makes sure students have the ability to solve problems on their own. Then, he discusses the limitations of the technologies they might want to use when they get home.
Price确保学生有能力自己解决问题。然后，他讨论了他们回家后可能想要使用的技术的局限性。
"Computers are really good at doing tedious things," Price said. "We don't have to do all the tedious stuff...And then we can interpret the answer and think about what it tells us about the decisions we need to make."
“电脑真的很擅长做乏味的事情，”普莱斯说。“我们不需要做所有乏味的事情……然后我们可以解释答案，并思考它告诉我们什么是我们需要做出的决定。”
Min Sun is a University of Washington education professor. She thinks students should use chatbots like personal tutors. If students do not understand a math operation, they can ask ChatGPT to explain it and give examples.
孙敏是华盛顿大学教育学教授。她认为学生应该使用聊天机器人作为私人导师。如果学生不理解数学运算，他们可以要求ChatGPT解释并举例。
She wants teachers to use ChatGPT as their own assistant: to plan math lessons, give students feedback and communicate with parents.
她希望老师们使用ChatGPT作为自己的助手:计划数学课程，给学生反馈并与家长沟通。
Teachers can also ask ChatGPT to recommend different levels of math problems for students with different skill levels, she said. This is particularly helpful for teachers who are new to the job or have students with different needs, Sun said.
她说，教师还可以让ChatGPT为不同技能水平的学生推荐不同级别的数学问题。孙老师说，这对新入职的老师或有不同需求的学生尤其有帮助。
A year ago, if you asked Daniel Zingaro how he tests his introductory computer science students, he would say: "We ask them to write code."
一年前，如果你问Daniel Zingaro他是如何测试他的计算机科学入门学生的，他会说:“我们让他们写代码。”
But, if you ask him today, Zingaro said his answer would be more complex. He teaches at the University of Toronto in Canada.
但是，如果你今天问他，津加罗说他的答案会更复杂。他在加拿大多伦多大学任教。
Zingaro wrote the book Learn AI-Assisted Python Programming with GitHub Copilot and ChatGPT with Leo Porter, a computer science professor at University of California San Diego. They believe AI will permit introductory computer science classes to teach larger ideas.
Zingaro与加州大学圣地亚哥分校的计算机科学教授Leo Porter合著了《Learn AI-Assisted Python Programming with GitHub Copilot and ChatGPT》一书。他们认为，人工智能将允许计算机科学入门课程教授更大的思想。
A lot of beginner students have problems writing simple code, Porter and Zingaro said. They never move on to higher-level questions. Many still cannot write simple code after they complete the class.
波特和津加罗说，许多初学者在编写简单代码方面存在问题。他们从不去问更高层次的问题。许多人在完成课程后仍然不会编写简单的代码。
Chatbots do not make those mistakes, and it permits computer science professors to spend more time teaching higher-level abilities.
聊天机器人不会犯这些错误，它允许计算机科学教授花更多的时间教授更高层次的技能。
The professors now ask their students to take a big problem and break it down to smaller questions the code needs to do. They also ask students to test and debug code once it is written.
教授们现在要求他们的学生把一个大问题分解成代码需要解决的小问题。他们还要求学生在编写代码后测试和调试代码。
Porter said of students: "We want them to write software that is meaningful to them."
波特这样评价学生:“我们希望他们能写出对自己有意义的软件。”
Magdalena Balazinska is director of the University of Washington's Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering. She welcomes AI.
Magdalena Balazinska是华盛顿大学Paul G. Allen计算机科学与工程学院的主任。她欢迎人工智能。
"With the support of AI, human software engineers get to focus on the most interesting part of computer science: answering big software design questions," Balazinska said.
“在人工智能的支持下，人类软件工程师可以专注于计算机科学中最有趣的部分:回答重大的软件设计问题，”Balazinska说。
Not all professors in the field think AI should be used. But Zingaro and Porter said that reading a lot of code created by artificial intelligence does not feel like cheating. Rather, it is a way for students to learn.
并非该领域的所有教授都认为应该使用人工智能。但津加罗和波特表示，阅读大量由人工智能编写的代码并不会让人感觉像是作弊。相反，它是学生学习的一种方式。
"I think a lot of programmers read a lot of code, just like how I believe the best writers read a lot of writing," Zingaro said. "I think that is a very powerful way to learn."
Zingaro说:“我认为很多程序员读了很多代码，就像我认为最好的作家读了很多文章一样。“我认为这是一种非常有效的学习方式。”
美国的一些学校正在考虑是否禁止使用人工智能(AI)的聊天机器人。然而，一些数学和计算机科学教师认为，从互联网上“学习”科目的聊天机器人只是另一种工具。
Jack Price has taught math using Wolfram Alpha. It is a website that solves algebraic problems online. It has long threatened to make algebra homework a thing of the past.
杰克·普莱斯用Wolfram Alpha教数学。这是一个在线解决代数问题的网站。长期以来，它一直威胁要让代数作业成为过去式。
Teachers learned to work around and with it, said Price. He is an assistant professor of mathematics and computer science at the University of Puget Sound in the western state of Washington. Now, students have a new online service that provides homework help using AI—ChatGPT—that teachers must deal with.
普赖斯说，教师们学会了如何应对这种情况。他是西部华盛顿州普吉特海湾大学数学和计算机科学的助理教授。现在，学生们有了一项新的在线服务，该服务使用ai - chatgpt提供家庭作业帮助，而教师必须处理这些问题。
Price does not consider ChatGPT to be a threat, and he is not alone. Some math professors believe AI, when used correctly, can help strengthen math learning. It is arriving at a time when math scores are at historic lows and educators are questioning if math should be taught differently.
Price并不认为ChatGPT是一种威胁，而且他并不孤单。一些数学教授认为，如果使用得当，人工智能可以帮助加强数学学习。目前，数学成绩正处于历史低点，教育工作者也在质疑数学教学是否应该改变。
AI can serve as a tutor, giving a student who is struggling with a problem immediate feedback. It can help a teacher plan math lessons or write math problems for different levels of teaching. It can show new computer programmers sample code, permitting them to avoid learning how to write basic code.
人工智能可以充当导师，给正在努力解决问题的学生提供即时反馈。它可以帮助老师计划数学课程或为不同层次的教学写数学问题。它可以向新的计算机程序员展示示例代码，使他们不必学习如何编写基本代码。
"Math has always been evolving as technology evolves," said Price. He said that a hundred years ago, people could not solve problems using calculators.
普莱斯说:“数学一直在随着技术的发展而发展。他说，一百年前，人们不能用计算器解决问题。
Price makes sure students have the ability to solve problems on their own. Then, he discusses the limitations of the technologies they might want to use when they get home.
Price确保学生有能力自己解决问题。然后，他讨论了他们回家后可能想要使用的技术的局限性。
"Computers are really good at doing tedious things," Price said. "We don't have to do all the tedious stuff...And then we can interpret the answer and think about what it tells us about the decisions we need to make."
“电脑真的很擅长做乏味的事情，”普莱斯说。“我们不需要做所有乏味的事情……然后我们可以解释答案，并思考它告诉我们什么是我们需要做出的决定。”
Min Sun is a University of Washington education professor. She thinks students should use chatbots like personal tutors. If students do not understand a math operation, they can ask ChatGPT to explain it and give examples.
孙敏是华盛顿大学教育学教授。她认为学生应该使用聊天机器人作为私人导师。如果学生不理解数学运算，他们可以要求ChatGPT解释并举例。
She wants teachers to use ChatGPT as their own assistant: to plan math lessons, give students feedback and communicate with parents.
她希望老师们使用ChatGPT作为自己的助手:计划数学课程，给学生反馈并与家长沟通。
Teachers can also ask ChatGPT to recommend different levels of math problems for students with different skill levels, she said. This is particularly helpful for teachers who are new to the job or have students with different needs, Sun said.
她说，教师还可以让ChatGPT为不同技能水平的学生推荐不同级别的数学问题。孙老师说，这对新入职的老师或有不同需求的学生尤其有帮助。
A year ago, if you asked Daniel Zingaro how he tests his introductory computer science students, he would say: "We ask them to write code."
一年前，如果你问Daniel Zingaro他是如何测试他的计算机科学入门学生的，他会说:“我们让他们写代码。”
But, if you ask him today, Zingaro said his answer would be more complex. He teaches at the University of Toronto in Canada.
但是，如果你今天问他，津加罗说他的答案会更复杂。他在加拿大多伦多大学任教。
Zingaro wrote the book Learn AI-Assisted Python Programming with GitHub Copilot and ChatGPT with Leo Porter, a computer science professor at University of California San Diego. They believe AI will permit introductory computer science classes to teach larger ideas.
Zingaro与加州大学圣地亚哥分校的计算机科学教授Leo Porter合著了《Learn AI-Assisted Python Programming with GitHub Copilot and ChatGPT》一书。他们认为，人工智能将允许计算机科学入门课程教授更大的思想。
A lot of beginner students have problems writing simple code, Porter and Zingaro said. They never move on to higher-level questions. Many still cannot write simple code after they complete the class.
波特和津加罗说，许多初学者在编写简单代码方面存在问题。他们从不去问更高层次的问题。许多人在完成课程后仍然不会编写简单的代码。
Chatbots do not make those mistakes, and it permits computer science professors to spend more time teaching higher-level abilities.
聊天机器人不会犯这些错误，它允许计算机科学教授花更多的时间教授更高层次的技能。
The professors now ask their students to take a big problem and break it down to smaller questions the code needs to do. They also ask students to test and debug code once it is written.
教授们现在要求他们的学生把一个大问题分解成代码需要解决的小问题。他们还要求学生在编写代码后测试和调试代码。
Porter said of students: "We want them to write software that is meaningful to them."
波特这样评价学生:“我们希望他们能写出对自己有意义的软件。”
Magdalena Balazinska is director of the University of Washington's Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering. She welcomes AI.
Magdalena Balazinska是华盛顿大学Paul G. Allen计算机科学与工程学院的主任。她欢迎人工智能。
"With the support of AI, human software engineers get to focus on the most interesting part of computer science: answering big software design questions," Balazinska said.
“在人工智能的支持下，人类软件工程师可以专注于计算机科学中最有趣的部分:回答重大的软件设计问题，”Balazinska说。
Not all professors in the field think AI should be used. But Zingaro and Porter said that reading a lot of code created by artificial intelligence does not feel like cheating. Rather, it is a way for students to learn.
并非该领域的所有教授都认为应该使用人工智能。但津加罗和波特表示，阅读大量由人工智能编写的代码并不会让人感觉像是作弊。相反，它是学生学习的一种方式。
"I think a lot of programmers read a lot of code, just like how I believe the best writers read a lot of writing," Zingaro said. "I think that is a very powerful way to learn."
Zingaro说:“我认为很多程序员读了很多代码，就像我认为最好的作家读了很多文章一样。“我认为这是一种非常有效的学习方式。”
