双语新闻：土著妇女将亚马逊部落从濒临灭绝中拯救出来
The Juma are native people of the Amazon rain forest area in Brazil. In the 1990s, there were only four people remaining in the tribe.
朱玛人是巴西亚马逊雨林地区的原住民。到了20世纪90年代，这个部落只剩下四个人。
They were Aruká, the father, and his three daughters – Boreá, Mandeí and Maytá.
他们是父亲Aruká和他的三个女儿——Boreá, Mandeí and Maytá。
In 2021, Aruká died from COVID-19. The news appeared around the world. The New York Times newspaper wrote the "last man of his tribe" was gone and many people believed the tribe would go extinct.
2021年，Aruká死于COVID-19。这个消息传遍了全世界。《纽约时报》写道，“他的部落的最后一个人”消失了，许多人认为这个部落将会灭绝。
The tribe, in the past, was built upon the idea that men had to be in charge. Once the last man died, the tribe would no longer exist.
在过去，这个部落是建立在男人必须负责的观念之上的。一旦最后一个人死了，这个部落将不复存在。
But the daughters had a different idea. Before Aruká died, he and his daughters started thinking about a way to keep the tribe alive by choosing a female leader.
但女儿们有不同的想法。在Aruká 去世之前，他和他的女儿们开始考虑选择一位女性领袖来维持部落的生存。
Mandeí said her sisters and father wanted her to take the position. So, Mandeí became the first woman chief in the area.
Mandeí表示，她的姐姐和父亲希望她担任这个职位。因此，Mandeí成为了该地区的第一位女酋长。
Earlier in their lives, the Juma sisters married men from other tribes to make sure their family line could continue.
在他们生命的早期，朱玛姐妹嫁给了其他部落的男人，以确保他们的家族能够延续下去。
Over many years, the number of Juma people has grown. In the area that is now Juma territory, there is a lot of activity. Children play in the river. People catch fish. Women work to make flour from the cassava root. Others hunt in the forest.
多年来，Juma人的数量不断增长。在现在属于朱玛人的地区，有很多活动。孩子们在河里玩耍。人们捕鱼。妇女们用木薯根制作面粉。其他的在森林里打猎。
They also gather at a community building called a maloca, to eat, take care of animals, rest, and use their phones. The building has mobile phone signal equipment.
他们还聚集在一个叫做maloca的社区建筑里，吃饭、照顾动物、休息和使用手机。这栋楼有移动电话信号设备。
Aruká, the last Juma male leader, is buried under the maloca.
朱玛族最后一位男性领袖Aruká被埋在马洛卡山下。
Mandeí recently retired as leader. Her older sister, Boreá, is chief now.
Mandeí最近退休了。她的姐姐Boreá现在是酋长。
Mandeí said she found leadership difficult, at first. She said other people did not treat the Juma with respect because the tribe was so small. People also opposed her leadership because she is female, she said.
Mandeí说，她一开始觉得领导很难。她说，其他人不尊重朱玛人，因为这个部落太小了。她说，人们反对她的领导还因为她是女性。
It hurt her but did not stop her. "I adapted to seek solutions for our people," she said.
这伤害了她，但没有阻止她。“我适应了环境，为我们的人民寻求解决方案，”她说。
The Juma territory needs a strong leader. It is about the size of a large city, similar to Las Vegas, Nevada. Old-growth forest covers the land. A Juma leader's main job is to protect the territory and its natural wealth from outsiders.
朱玛部落需要一个强有力的领袖。它大约是一个大城市的大小，类似于内华达州的拉斯维加斯。原始森林覆盖着这片土地。朱玛族领导人的主要工作是保护该地区及其自然财富不受外人侵害。
People come and cut down the trees. They then use the cleared land to plant grasses that are used to raise animals.
人们来砍树。然后，他们用清理出来的土地种植草，用来饲养动物。
The changes are damaging to the traditional life of native people. Developers plan to build a road nearby. The Juma say that will bring more people and industry to the area. Mandeí says the environment is already changing.
这些变化正在破坏土著人民的传统生活。开发商计划在附近修建一条公路。朱玛人表示，这将为该地区带来更多的人口和产业。Mandeí表示，环境已经在发生变化。
"The river doesn't fill with water as it used to ... The water shouldn't dry up so much like this. It's much hotter, it wasn't like this before. Our concern is: Why is this happening? Because of deforestation," she said.
“这条河不像以前那样充满了水……水不应该干得这么厉害。现在热多了，以前不是这样的。我们担心的是:为什么会发生这种情况?因为森林砍伐，”她说。
The Juma people work to protect their land – they move around the territory by boat and even use drones to view their land from above.
朱玛人努力保护他们的土地，他们乘船在领土上移动，甚至使用无人机从上面观察他们的土地。
Mandeí's nephew, Puré, is one of the guards. He said he is proud to be a Juma and protect the land.
Mandeí的侄子Puré就是其中一名警卫。他说，他为自己是朱玛人并保护这片土地感到自豪。
He said he broke the rules and followed his mother's lineage. "If I don't identify myself as Juma, who else will?"
他说他打破了规矩，继承了母亲的血统。“如果我不认同自己是朱玛，还有谁会呢?”
Puré's mother married a man from another tribe. When he was born, he was registered as a member of his father's tribe. But at 15, he decided to add the Juma name, his mother's name, to his name. He had to visit Brazil's indigenous people's office to make the change.
珀珀尔的母亲嫁给了另一个部落的男人。当他出生时，他被登记为他父亲部落的一员。但在15岁时，他决定在自己的名字里加上朱玛这个名字，也就是他母亲的名字。为了做出改变，他不得不访问巴西的土著人民办公室。
Two of his cousins also added Juma to their names.
他的两个堂兄弟也在他们的名字中加上了Juma。
There were not many Juma people to begin with. Experts on Brazil's native people say before non-indigenous people made contact with the Juma, there were probably a few thousand. The Juma fought the invaders and suffered major losses in battle. A book by a German Christian clergyman says the last attack on the Juma came in 1964. Over 30 people were killed, including Aruká's father.
一开始就没有多少朱玛人。研究巴西土著居民的专家说，在非土著居民与朱马人接触之前，可能有几千人。朱玛人与侵略者作战，在战斗中损失惨重。一位德国基督教牧师写的一本书说，对朱马号的最后一次袭击发生在1964年。超过30人丧生，其中包括Aruká的父亲。
Later, when Mandeí became the leader, she asked for help in saving the Juma language. In 2019, she invited a language expert to visit and help create a dictionary for use with mobile phones. They also created digital records of the language with stories, speeches, and songs in the Juma language.
后来，当Mandeí成为领导者时，她请求帮助拯救Juma语言。2019年，她邀请了一位语言专家来访，并帮助编写了一本在手机上使用的词典。他们还用朱玛语制作了故事、演讲和歌曲的数字记录。
Wesley dos Santos went to Brazil to work on the project. He is a graduate student at the University of California – Berkeley. He said the language, Kawahiva, is endangered. It is only used by 560 people. One of its variations is Juma, and there are seven others.
Wesley dos Santos前往巴西参与这个项目。他是加州大学伯克利分校的一名研究生。他说，卡瓦希瓦语正濒临灭绝。它只有560人使用。它的变体之一是Juma，还有其他七个。
Mandeí said she is concerned that the language and the people who speak it will disappear one day. There are only 24 people living in the Juma village. The three sisters are still trying to decide how to pass down the Juma traditions to the people who come after them.
Mandeí说，她担心这种语言和说这种语言的人有一天会消失。朱玛村只有24个人。三姐妹仍在努力决定如何将朱玛传统传递给他们的后代。
"The largest responsibility I share with my sisters is not to lose Juma culture as taught by our father," Mandeí said.
Mandeí说:“我和姐妹们共同的最大责任是不要失去父亲教导的Juma文化。”
朱玛人是巴西亚马逊雨林地区的原住民。到了20世纪90年代，这个部落只剩下四个人。
They were Aruká, the father, and his three daughters – Boreá, Mandeí and Maytá.
他们是父亲Aruká和他的三个女儿——Boreá, Mandeí and Maytá。
In 2021, Aruká died from COVID-19. The news appeared around the world. The New York Times newspaper wrote the "last man of his tribe" was gone and many people believed the tribe would go extinct.
2021年，Aruká死于COVID-19。这个消息传遍了全世界。《纽约时报》写道，“他的部落的最后一个人”消失了，许多人认为这个部落将会灭绝。
The tribe, in the past, was built upon the idea that men had to be in charge. Once the last man died, the tribe would no longer exist.
在过去，这个部落是建立在男人必须负责的观念之上的。一旦最后一个人死了，这个部落将不复存在。
But the daughters had a different idea. Before Aruká died, he and his daughters started thinking about a way to keep the tribe alive by choosing a female leader.
但女儿们有不同的想法。在Aruká 去世之前，他和他的女儿们开始考虑选择一位女性领袖来维持部落的生存。
Mandeí said her sisters and father wanted her to take the position. So, Mandeí became the first woman chief in the area.
Mandeí表示，她的姐姐和父亲希望她担任这个职位。因此，Mandeí成为了该地区的第一位女酋长。
Earlier in their lives, the Juma sisters married men from other tribes to make sure their family line could continue.
在他们生命的早期，朱玛姐妹嫁给了其他部落的男人，以确保他们的家族能够延续下去。
Over many years, the number of Juma people has grown. In the area that is now Juma territory, there is a lot of activity. Children play in the river. People catch fish. Women work to make flour from the cassava root. Others hunt in the forest.
多年来，Juma人的数量不断增长。在现在属于朱玛人的地区，有很多活动。孩子们在河里玩耍。人们捕鱼。妇女们用木薯根制作面粉。其他的在森林里打猎。
They also gather at a community building called a maloca, to eat, take care of animals, rest, and use their phones. The building has mobile phone signal equipment.
他们还聚集在一个叫做maloca的社区建筑里，吃饭、照顾动物、休息和使用手机。这栋楼有移动电话信号设备。
Aruká, the last Juma male leader, is buried under the maloca.
朱玛族最后一位男性领袖Aruká被埋在马洛卡山下。
Mandeí recently retired as leader. Her older sister, Boreá, is chief now.
Mandeí最近退休了。她的姐姐Boreá现在是酋长。
Mandeí said she found leadership difficult, at first. She said other people did not treat the Juma with respect because the tribe was so small. People also opposed her leadership because she is female, she said.
Mandeí说，她一开始觉得领导很难。她说，其他人不尊重朱玛人，因为这个部落太小了。她说，人们反对她的领导还因为她是女性。
It hurt her but did not stop her. "I adapted to seek solutions for our people," she said.
这伤害了她，但没有阻止她。“我适应了环境，为我们的人民寻求解决方案，”她说。
The Juma territory needs a strong leader. It is about the size of a large city, similar to Las Vegas, Nevada. Old-growth forest covers the land. A Juma leader's main job is to protect the territory and its natural wealth from outsiders.
朱玛部落需要一个强有力的领袖。它大约是一个大城市的大小，类似于内华达州的拉斯维加斯。原始森林覆盖着这片土地。朱玛族领导人的主要工作是保护该地区及其自然财富不受外人侵害。
People come and cut down the trees. They then use the cleared land to plant grasses that are used to raise animals.
人们来砍树。然后，他们用清理出来的土地种植草，用来饲养动物。
The changes are damaging to the traditional life of native people. Developers plan to build a road nearby. The Juma say that will bring more people and industry to the area. Mandeí says the environment is already changing.
这些变化正在破坏土著人民的传统生活。开发商计划在附近修建一条公路。朱玛人表示，这将为该地区带来更多的人口和产业。Mandeí表示，环境已经在发生变化。
"The river doesn't fill with water as it used to ... The water shouldn't dry up so much like this. It's much hotter, it wasn't like this before. Our concern is: Why is this happening? Because of deforestation," she said.
“这条河不像以前那样充满了水……水不应该干得这么厉害。现在热多了，以前不是这样的。我们担心的是:为什么会发生这种情况?因为森林砍伐，”她说。
The Juma people work to protect their land – they move around the territory by boat and even use drones to view their land from above.
朱玛人努力保护他们的土地，他们乘船在领土上移动，甚至使用无人机从上面观察他们的土地。
Mandeí's nephew, Puré, is one of the guards. He said he is proud to be a Juma and protect the land.
Mandeí的侄子Puré就是其中一名警卫。他说，他为自己是朱玛人并保护这片土地感到自豪。
He said he broke the rules and followed his mother's lineage. "If I don't identify myself as Juma, who else will?"
他说他打破了规矩，继承了母亲的血统。“如果我不认同自己是朱玛，还有谁会呢?”
Puré's mother married a man from another tribe. When he was born, he was registered as a member of his father's tribe. But at 15, he decided to add the Juma name, his mother's name, to his name. He had to visit Brazil's indigenous people's office to make the change.
珀珀尔的母亲嫁给了另一个部落的男人。当他出生时，他被登记为他父亲部落的一员。但在15岁时，他决定在自己的名字里加上朱玛这个名字，也就是他母亲的名字。为了做出改变，他不得不访问巴西的土著人民办公室。
Two of his cousins also added Juma to their names.
他的两个堂兄弟也在他们的名字中加上了Juma。
There were not many Juma people to begin with. Experts on Brazil's native people say before non-indigenous people made contact with the Juma, there were probably a few thousand. The Juma fought the invaders and suffered major losses in battle. A book by a German Christian clergyman says the last attack on the Juma came in 1964. Over 30 people were killed, including Aruká's father.
一开始就没有多少朱玛人。研究巴西土著居民的专家说，在非土著居民与朱马人接触之前，可能有几千人。朱玛人与侵略者作战，在战斗中损失惨重。一位德国基督教牧师写的一本书说，对朱马号的最后一次袭击发生在1964年。超过30人丧生，其中包括Aruká的父亲。
Later, when Mandeí became the leader, she asked for help in saving the Juma language. In 2019, she invited a language expert to visit and help create a dictionary for use with mobile phones. They also created digital records of the language with stories, speeches, and songs in the Juma language.
后来，当Mandeí成为领导者时，她请求帮助拯救Juma语言。2019年，她邀请了一位语言专家来访，并帮助编写了一本在手机上使用的词典。他们还用朱玛语制作了故事、演讲和歌曲的数字记录。
Wesley dos Santos went to Brazil to work on the project. He is a graduate student at the University of California – Berkeley. He said the language, Kawahiva, is endangered. It is only used by 560 people. One of its variations is Juma, and there are seven others.
Wesley dos Santos前往巴西参与这个项目。他是加州大学伯克利分校的一名研究生。他说，卡瓦希瓦语正濒临灭绝。它只有560人使用。它的变体之一是Juma，还有其他七个。
Mandeí said she is concerned that the language and the people who speak it will disappear one day. There are only 24 people living in the Juma village. The three sisters are still trying to decide how to pass down the Juma traditions to the people who come after them.
Mandeí说，她担心这种语言和说这种语言的人有一天会消失。朱玛村只有24个人。三姐妹仍在努力决定如何将朱玛传统传递给他们的后代。
"The largest responsibility I share with my sisters is not to lose Juma culture as taught by our father," Mandeí said.
Mandeí说:“我和姐妹们共同的最大责任是不要失去父亲教导的Juma文化。”
