双语新闻：国际学生应该如何看待写作与人工智能

Students must learn academic writing and research methods when moving from high school to college. That is why universities require a first-year writing class. As experienced students move on to higher degrees, they continue learning how to do research and to write for academic publications.

从高中升入大学，学生必须学习学术写作和研究方法。这就是为什么大学要求第一年开设写作课。随着有经验的学生获得更高的学位，他们继续学习如何做研究和为学术出版物写作。

But learning the new writing methods can be difficult for international students, said Nat Smitobol. He is a counselor for IvyWise, a company that helps students prepare their applications for top-level American universities.

但是对于国际学生来说，学习新的写作方法可能会很困难，Nat Smitobol说。他是IvyWise公司的顾问，这家公司帮助学生准备申请美国顶尖大学。

Different "academic culture"

不同的“学术文化”

In the United States, Smitobol said, most students have a basic understanding that they must give credit to, or cite, the sources of the words and ideas in their academic writing. For those who come from other countries, this can be new.

Smitobol说，在美国，大多数学生都有一个基本的理解，即他们必须在学术写作中注明或引用词汇和观点的来源。对于那些来自其他国家的人来说，这可能是新的。

Smitobol said one of the most important lessons students new to the U.S. learn is: "this academic culture of really making sure you give other people credit in a formal way."

Smitobol说，刚到美国的学生学到的最重要的一课是:“这种学术文化确实确保你以正式的方式给予他人认可。”

Using another person's words without giving them credit is considered plagiarism. VOA Learning English recently prepared a guide for international students who need to learn more about plagiarism and why it is a serious concern. A plagiarism accusation recently led to Harvard University's president having to step down from her position.

使用别人的话而不注明出处被认为是抄袭。美国之音慢速英语最近准备了一份指南，供那些需要更多地了解剽窃以及为什么这是一个严重问题的国际学生使用。最近，一项剽窃指控导致哈佛大学校长不得不辞职。

Smitobol said the reason citations are difficult for international students is that teachers and professors overseas are more often concerned that students provide the correct answer to a question than showing the information source.

Smitobol说，国际学生很难引用的原因是，海外教师和教授通常更关心学生对问题的正确答案，而不是显示信息来源。

Amjad Binshahbain agrees. He is a student at the English Language Center, or ELC, at Old Dominion University in Virginia. Binshahbain is from Yemen and also attended school in the United Arab Emirates. In Virginia, he takes classes with students from places like Greece, Spain and Japan. They often discuss the academic differences between the U.S. and their countries.

Amjad Binshahbain对此表示赞同。他是弗吉尼亚州老道明大学英语语言中心(ELC)的学生。Binshahbain来自也门，也曾在阿拉伯联合酋长国上学。在弗吉尼亚州，他和来自希腊、西班牙和日本等地的学生一起上课。他们经常讨论美国和他们国家之间的学术差异。

AI tools

人工智能工具

He said one of the first things ELC students learn is how to follow American university guidelines for recording source material. They also talk about writing papers without the help of artificial intelligence, or AI, tools.

他说，ELC学生学习的第一件事就是如何遵循美国大学的指导方针来记录原始材料。他们还谈到了在没有人工智能工具帮助的情况下写论文。

Binshahbain said it is easy for students who are learning how to write papers in English to depend on generative AI tools. These tools can change their grammar or make their writing easier to understand. However, after nearly a year at the ELC, he has, in his words, "progressed a lot."

binshahain表示，对于正在学习如何用英语写论文的学生来说，依赖生成式人工智能工具是很容易的。这些工具可以改变他们的语法或使他们的写作更容易理解。然而，在ELC工作近一年后，用他的话说，他“进步很大”。

"I have been improving since then, since the summer in 2023. Now I can write a whole assignment without any outside source. I can read an article and understand it and write it in my own words. That's one of the techniques that I got since I come to the U.S."

“从那以后，从2023年夏天开始，我一直在进步。现在我可以在没有任何外部资源的情况下写一篇完整的作业。我可以读一篇文章，理解它，用我自己的话写出来。这是我来美国后学到的技巧之一。”

He said it is better to struggle with writing and adding citations to academic work early in college than to find out that you do not know how to do it later on.

他说，在大学早期努力写作和在学术论文中添加引文，总比后来发现自己不知道如何做要好。

Smitobol noted that many universities will show students how to use tools such as the RefWorks citation manager. The computer tool permits students to carry out research online and collects all of the source material necessary.

Smitobol指出，许多大学将向学生展示如何使用RefWorks引文管理器等工具。计算机工具允许学生进行在线研究，并收集所有必要的原始材料。

High stakes

高股权

Meredith Bricker teaches in the English Language Institute at the University of Michigan. Many of her students are working on advanced degrees. That means they are learning and doing research on difficult academic subjects. She said the citation tools are both good and bad. On the one hand, they permit students to easily create a source list. On the other hand, they can prevent students from finding or understanding the best sources for a project.

梅雷迪思·布里克在密歇根大学英语语言学院任教。她的许多学生都在攻读高级学位。这意味着他们正在学习和研究困难的学术课题。她说，引用工具有好有坏。一方面，他们允许学生很容易地创建一个源列表。另一方面，他们可能会阻止学生找到或理解一个项目的最佳资源。

"They're like, ‘OK, fine. I'll just put whatever comes up (in my search) on my citation list,'" Bricker said.

“他们说，‘好吧，好吧。我只会把(在我的搜索中)出现的任何东西放在我的引用列表中。”布里克说。

Students who come to Bricker's class are doing their own research, she added. They hope that they can make a discovery or create a new idea and be published in a journal. So, the stakes are high for master's or Ph.D. students compared to those just beginning college. She said it is likely the people cited in a paper by one of her students will read it.

她补充说，上布里克课的学生都在做自己的研究。他们希望他们能有一个发现或创造一个新的想法，并发表在杂志上。因此，与刚开始上大学的学生相比，硕士或博士学生的风险更高。她说，她的学生在论文中引用的人很可能会阅读这篇文章。

"In some ways it's (citations) more relevant. You know, like, almost easier for them to see the purpose and the point. But I think it's also the flip side of that is if they do it incorrectly, it could have such devastating effects on their futures, you know, pretty immediately."

“在某些方面，它(引用)更相关。你知道，这样他们就更容易看到目的和重点了。但我认为这也有另一面，如果他们做得不正确，可能会对他们的未来产生毁灭性的影响，你知道，很快。”

International students who are caught using other people's ideas without citing them can be expelled or removed from school. That would cause them to be in violation of their F1 student visa. At higher levels, a young researcher who is caught plagiarizing may have trouble finding another job.

国际学生如果被发现使用别人的想法而不引用他们的想法，将被开除或退学。这将导致他们违反他们的F1学生签证。在更高的层次上，一个被发现抄袭的年轻研究人员可能很难找到另一份工作。

AI is ‘not going away'

人工智能不会消失

Bricker believes students should also give credit to AI tools whenever they use them. "Gen-AI is not going away," she said. "Part of our job as writing teachers...is to make sure students know the boundary between appropriate and inappropriate use."

布里克认为，学生们在使用人工智能工具时也应该归功于它们。“Gen-AI不会消失，”她说。“作为写作老师，我们工作的一部分……就是要让学生知道恰当和不恰当的使用之间的界限。”

She said some academic journals will permit the use of artificial intelligence and others will not. "It depends on the field," she said, noting that a linguistics journal might have different rules than an engineering journal.

她说，一些学术期刊将允许使用人工智能，而另一些则不允许。“这取决于领域，”她说，并指出语言学期刊的规则可能与工程学期刊不同。

Bricker said she tells her students that it is difficult for teachers to know if their students are using AI tools. But as a writing teacher, it is her goal to help them learn to write on their own, without help from a machine.

布里克说，她告诉学生，老师很难知道他们的学生是否在使用人工智能工具。但作为一名写作老师，她的目标是帮助他们学会自己写作，而不是借助机器。

"I'm a teacher of writing. So, letting my students know ‘I want to see your writing, you.' I want to see what you're doing as a writer, and I want to help you grow as a writer...So I can do that with you using this and without you using this. But it's your choice."

“我是一名写作老师。所以，让我的学生知道“我想看看你的作品，你。”我想看看你作为一个作家在做什么，我想帮助你成长为一个作家……所以我可以用这个来做，不用这个。但这是你的选择。”

Binshahbain said international students who are learning English in the U.S. are tempted by AI tools. But he advises students that they should use AI only for some things, like searching for sources.

Binshahbain表示，在美国学习英语的国际学生受到人工智能工具的诱惑。但他建议学生们应该只在某些事情上使用人工智能，比如搜索资源。

"When I first came here, I was using it for everything," he said. "But I stopped because I understand the best thing to do (is) to put the effort on learning. It's going to pay off in the future."

“当我第一次来到这里时，我什么都用它，”他说。“但我放弃了，因为我明白最好的办法就是把精力放在学习上。将来会有回报的。”