双语新闻：研究表明，冲突地区的GPS“欺骗”使其他飞机处于危险之中
Studies show that military officials are increasingly deploying systems to interfere with aircraft navigation systems in conflict areas. But such tools can put other aircraft at risk.
研究表明，军方官员正在越来越多地部署干扰冲突地区飞机导航系统的系统。但这样的工具可能会使其他飞机处于危险之中。
Airplanes depend on complex navigation systems to guide pilots and to warn of possible danger during a flight. Such systems are known as global navigation satellite systems (GNSS).
飞机依靠复杂的导航系统来引导飞行员，并在飞行过程中警告可能出现的危险。这样的系统被称为全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)。
The most commonly used GNSS system is called GPS, which stands for global positioning system. The GPS system is owned by the American government and operated by the U.S. Space Force. The GPS system uses a series of satellites to send signals to receivers, which identify the exact positions of objects.
最常用的GNSS系统被称为GPS，即全球定位系统。GPS系统归美国政府所有，由美国太空部队运营。GPS系统使用一系列卫星向接收器发送信号，接收器确定物体的确切位置。
The U.S. Space Force says it develops and operates all space and Earth-based activities related to the GPS system. A civilian version is available for people to use freely around the world. A military GPS service is also available to U.S. and allied armed forces, as well as approved federal agencies.
美国太空部队表示，它开发和运营与GPS系统相关的所有太空和地球活动。一个民用版本可供世界各地的人们自由使用。军事GPS服务也提供给美国和盟国武装部队，以及批准的联邦机构。
Other GNSS systems operate internationally. These include BeiDou, which is run by the Chinese government. The European Union leads the Galileo GNSS, while Russia operates a service called GLONASS.
其他GNSS系统在国际上运行。其中包括由中国政府运营的北斗系统。欧盟领导伽利略全球导航卫星系统，而俄罗斯则运营一项名为GLONASS的服务。
Systems have been developed to disrupt these GPS services, especially in areas of conflict. Military leaders and groups have deployed such tools to harm enemy aircraft operations. Industry experts say such efforts affect electronic systems and can lead to dangerous flight errors.
已经开发出干扰这些GPS服务的系统，特别是在冲突地区。军事领导人和团体已经部署了这种工具来破坏敌方飞机的行动。业内专家表示，这种做法会影响电子系统，并可能导致危险的飞行错误。
There are two main methods used to disrupt GPS operations. One is called "jamming." Jamming involves sending out radio signals within an area to overpower all other signals so that GPS receiver devices cannot effectively operate.
有两种主要方法可以破坏GPS的运行。一种叫做“干扰”。干扰包括在一个区域内发送无线电信号，以压倒所有其他信号，使GPS接收器设备无法有效运行。
The other method is called "spoofing." This is when technology is used to trick a GPS receiver into estimating a false position.
另一种方法称为“欺骗”。这是一种用来欺骗GPS接收器估算错误位置的技术。
Incidents of jamming and spoofing have been identified in several conflict areas. These include around Ukraine, which is fighting Russia and around Gaza, where Israel is fighting Hamas.
在几个冲突地区发现了干扰和欺骗事件。这些地区包括与俄罗斯交战的乌克兰周边地区，以及以色列与哈马斯交战的加沙周边地区。
The French news agency AFP reports that Hamas fighters in Gaza have been using jamming methods to block GPS signals used to guide Israeli drones operating there. In an effort to keep its drones flying in Gaza, Israel has been using a technology designed to resist jamming.
法新社报道称，加沙地带的哈马斯武装分子一直在使用干扰手段来阻止用于引导在那里行动的以色列无人机的GPS信号。为了让其无人机继续在加沙飞行，以色列一直在使用一种旨在抵抗干扰的技术。
The technology, called GPSdome2, was created by Israeli developer InfiniDome. The company's products are designed to protect against jamming tools. They were deployed soon after Hamas' October 7 attacks in Israel that started the Gaza conflict.
这项名为GPSdome2的技术是由以色列开发商InfiniDome开发的。该公司的产品旨在防止干扰工具。在哈马斯10月7日对以色列发动袭击并引发加沙冲突后不久，他们就部署了这些部队。
In addition to using anti-jamming tools to keep its own aircraft operating, Israel has also taken measures to disrupt the GPS of Hamas and other opponents, the news agency reported.
据该通讯社报道，除了使用抗干扰工具保持自己的飞机运行外，以色列还采取措施干扰哈马斯和其他对手的GPS。
Israel's army has admitted that days after the Hamas attacks, it moved to "proactively" disrupt GPS in order to carry out "operational needs." Disruptions by Israel included both jamming and spoofing methods, AFP reported.
以色列军方承认，在哈马斯发动袭击几天后，他们“主动”破坏了GPS系统，以满足“作战需要”。据法新社报道，以色列的干扰包括干扰和欺骗手段。
In one example, an AFP reporter standing on a street in Jerusalem was shown on GPS to be near Cairo, Egypt. In another case, a reporter in the West Bank city of Jenin was listed on GPS as being at Beirut's airport in Lebanon.
在一个例子中，一名站在耶路撒冷街道上的法新社记者被GPS显示在埃及开罗附近。在另一起案件中，一名记者在约旦河西岸城市杰宁的GPS定位系统显示，他当时在黎巴嫩的贝鲁特机场。
Since the start of the war in Ukraine, the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) has been warning that GNSS signal disruptions have intensified. In some cases, such disruptions can change a plane's path or even cause it to land at the wrong place, EASA said.
自乌克兰战争开始以来，欧盟航空安全局(EASA)一直警告称，全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)信号中断已经加剧。欧洲航空安全局说，在某些情况下，这种干扰可能会改变飞机的航线，甚至导致飞机降落在错误的地方。
The agency's acting chief, Luc Tytgat, told AFP that GNSS systems are necessary to improve safety in increasingly crowded airspaces. "But we have seen a sharp rise in attacks on these systems, which (presents) a safety risk," he said.
该机构的代理首席,Luc Tytgat告诉法新社,GNSS系统是改善日益拥挤的空域的安全所必需的。“但我们看到针对这些系统的攻击急剧增加，这(带来)安全风险，”他说。
Tytgat suggested that aviation agencies should consider changing the current certification requirements for "navigation and landing systems."
Tytgat建议航空机构应该考虑改变目前对“导航和着陆系统”的认证要求。
Todd Humphreys and a team of researchers at the University of Texas at Austin examine GPS signals around the world. After October 7, the team discovered spoofing activity that led some planes headed for Israel to disappear from GPS for a short period.
托德·汉弗莱斯和德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的一组研究人员研究了世界各地的GPS信号。在10月7日之后，该团队发现了欺骗活动，导致一些飞往以色列的飞机在短时间内从GPS上消失。
Humphreys told AFP the examinations showed "Israel appears to be engaging in GPS spoofing as a defensive measure." He noted the "false GPS signals" had tricked receivers around northern Israel into thinking they were at Beirut's airport.
汉弗莱斯告诉法新社，这些检测表明“以色列似乎是在利用GPS欺骗作为一种防御措施。”他指出，“虚假的GPS信号”欺骗了以色列北部的接收器，让他们以为自己在贝鲁特机场。
研究表明，军方官员正在越来越多地部署干扰冲突地区飞机导航系统的系统。但这样的工具可能会使其他飞机处于危险之中。
Airplanes depend on complex navigation systems to guide pilots and to warn of possible danger during a flight. Such systems are known as global navigation satellite systems (GNSS).
飞机依靠复杂的导航系统来引导飞行员，并在飞行过程中警告可能出现的危险。这样的系统被称为全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)。
The most commonly used GNSS system is called GPS, which stands for global positioning system. The GPS system is owned by the American government and operated by the U.S. Space Force. The GPS system uses a series of satellites to send signals to receivers, which identify the exact positions of objects.
最常用的GNSS系统被称为GPS，即全球定位系统。GPS系统归美国政府所有，由美国太空部队运营。GPS系统使用一系列卫星向接收器发送信号，接收器确定物体的确切位置。
The U.S. Space Force says it develops and operates all space and Earth-based activities related to the GPS system. A civilian version is available for people to use freely around the world. A military GPS service is also available to U.S. and allied armed forces, as well as approved federal agencies.
美国太空部队表示，它开发和运营与GPS系统相关的所有太空和地球活动。一个民用版本可供世界各地的人们自由使用。军事GPS服务也提供给美国和盟国武装部队，以及批准的联邦机构。
Other GNSS systems operate internationally. These include BeiDou, which is run by the Chinese government. The European Union leads the Galileo GNSS, while Russia operates a service called GLONASS.
其他GNSS系统在国际上运行。其中包括由中国政府运营的北斗系统。欧盟领导伽利略全球导航卫星系统，而俄罗斯则运营一项名为GLONASS的服务。
Systems have been developed to disrupt these GPS services, especially in areas of conflict. Military leaders and groups have deployed such tools to harm enemy aircraft operations. Industry experts say such efforts affect electronic systems and can lead to dangerous flight errors.
已经开发出干扰这些GPS服务的系统，特别是在冲突地区。军事领导人和团体已经部署了这种工具来破坏敌方飞机的行动。业内专家表示，这种做法会影响电子系统，并可能导致危险的飞行错误。
There are two main methods used to disrupt GPS operations. One is called "jamming." Jamming involves sending out radio signals within an area to overpower all other signals so that GPS receiver devices cannot effectively operate.
有两种主要方法可以破坏GPS的运行。一种叫做“干扰”。干扰包括在一个区域内发送无线电信号，以压倒所有其他信号，使GPS接收器设备无法有效运行。
The other method is called "spoofing." This is when technology is used to trick a GPS receiver into estimating a false position.
另一种方法称为“欺骗”。这是一种用来欺骗GPS接收器估算错误位置的技术。
Incidents of jamming and spoofing have been identified in several conflict areas. These include around Ukraine, which is fighting Russia and around Gaza, where Israel is fighting Hamas.
在几个冲突地区发现了干扰和欺骗事件。这些地区包括与俄罗斯交战的乌克兰周边地区，以及以色列与哈马斯交战的加沙周边地区。
The French news agency AFP reports that Hamas fighters in Gaza have been using jamming methods to block GPS signals used to guide Israeli drones operating there. In an effort to keep its drones flying in Gaza, Israel has been using a technology designed to resist jamming.
法新社报道称，加沙地带的哈马斯武装分子一直在使用干扰手段来阻止用于引导在那里行动的以色列无人机的GPS信号。为了让其无人机继续在加沙飞行，以色列一直在使用一种旨在抵抗干扰的技术。
The technology, called GPSdome2, was created by Israeli developer InfiniDome. The company's products are designed to protect against jamming tools. They were deployed soon after Hamas' October 7 attacks in Israel that started the Gaza conflict.
这项名为GPSdome2的技术是由以色列开发商InfiniDome开发的。该公司的产品旨在防止干扰工具。在哈马斯10月7日对以色列发动袭击并引发加沙冲突后不久，他们就部署了这些部队。
In addition to using anti-jamming tools to keep its own aircraft operating, Israel has also taken measures to disrupt the GPS of Hamas and other opponents, the news agency reported.
据该通讯社报道，除了使用抗干扰工具保持自己的飞机运行外，以色列还采取措施干扰哈马斯和其他对手的GPS。
Israel's army has admitted that days after the Hamas attacks, it moved to "proactively" disrupt GPS in order to carry out "operational needs." Disruptions by Israel included both jamming and spoofing methods, AFP reported.
以色列军方承认，在哈马斯发动袭击几天后，他们“主动”破坏了GPS系统，以满足“作战需要”。据法新社报道，以色列的干扰包括干扰和欺骗手段。
In one example, an AFP reporter standing on a street in Jerusalem was shown on GPS to be near Cairo, Egypt. In another case, a reporter in the West Bank city of Jenin was listed on GPS as being at Beirut's airport in Lebanon.
在一个例子中，一名站在耶路撒冷街道上的法新社记者被GPS显示在埃及开罗附近。在另一起案件中，一名记者在约旦河西岸城市杰宁的GPS定位系统显示，他当时在黎巴嫩的贝鲁特机场。
Since the start of the war in Ukraine, the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) has been warning that GNSS signal disruptions have intensified. In some cases, such disruptions can change a plane's path or even cause it to land at the wrong place, EASA said.
自乌克兰战争开始以来，欧盟航空安全局(EASA)一直警告称，全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)信号中断已经加剧。欧洲航空安全局说，在某些情况下，这种干扰可能会改变飞机的航线，甚至导致飞机降落在错误的地方。
The agency's acting chief, Luc Tytgat, told AFP that GNSS systems are necessary to improve safety in increasingly crowded airspaces. "But we have seen a sharp rise in attacks on these systems, which (presents) a safety risk," he said.
该机构的代理首席,Luc Tytgat告诉法新社,GNSS系统是改善日益拥挤的空域的安全所必需的。“但我们看到针对这些系统的攻击急剧增加，这(带来)安全风险，”他说。
Tytgat suggested that aviation agencies should consider changing the current certification requirements for "navigation and landing systems."
Tytgat建议航空机构应该考虑改变目前对“导航和着陆系统”的认证要求。
Todd Humphreys and a team of researchers at the University of Texas at Austin examine GPS signals around the world. After October 7, the team discovered spoofing activity that led some planes headed for Israel to disappear from GPS for a short period.
托德·汉弗莱斯和德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的一组研究人员研究了世界各地的GPS信号。在10月7日之后，该团队发现了欺骗活动，导致一些飞往以色列的飞机在短时间内从GPS上消失。
Humphreys told AFP the examinations showed "Israel appears to be engaging in GPS spoofing as a defensive measure." He noted the "false GPS signals" had tricked receivers around northern Israel into thinking they were at Beirut's airport.
汉弗莱斯告诉法新社，这些检测表明“以色列似乎是在利用GPS欺骗作为一种防御措施。”他指出，“虚假的GPS信号”欺骗了以色列北部的接收器，让他们以为自己在贝鲁特机场。
