听力课堂TED音频栏目主要包括TED演讲的音频MP3及中英双语文稿，供各位英语爱好者学习使用。本文主要内容为演讲MP3+双语文稿:我们如何对付下一个致命病毒，希望你会喜欢！

【演讲者及介绍】Pardis Sabeti and Christian Happi

Pardis Sabeti研究了埃博拉病毒和冠状病毒等微生物的基因组，以了解如何减缓它们的速度。

Christian Happi是非洲科学界的领军人物，她对埃博拉、艾滋病和冠状病毒等传染病的基因组进行测序和研究。

【演讲主题】A virus detection network to stop the next pandemic阻止下一次大流行的病毒检测网络

【中英文字幕】

翻译者Lipeng Chen 校对者Wanting Zhong

00:25

Christian Happi: Sentinel is a proactive early warning system to preempt pandemics. It is built on three major pillars.

克里斯提昂 · 哈贝（CH）：“哨兵”系统是一套 用来主动防范全球流行病的早期预警系统。 它构建于三个主要的支柱之上。

00:35

Pardis Sabeti: The first pillar is Detect. Christian and I have been studying infectious diseases together around the world for two decades. We have been using genome sequencing. Reading out the complete genetic information of a microbe, it allows us to identify viruses, even those we've never seen before, track them as they spread and watch for new mutations. And now with the powerful gene-editing technology CRISPR, we can use this genetic information to rapidly design exquisitely sensitive diagnostic tests for any microbe.

帕蒂斯 · 萨贝提（PS）： 第一个支柱是检测。 我和克里斯提昂一起 在世界各地研究传染病 已经有二十多年了。 我们使用了基因组测序的方法。 通过破译出病菌完整的遗传信息， 我们就可以识别出病毒， 甚至是之前从未见过的病毒， 在它们传播时进行追踪， 并监测新的变异。 现在，通过强大的 基因编辑技术 CRISPR， 我们可以使用这些遗传信息， 快速设计出针对任何病菌 都具有极高灵敏度的诊断测试。

01:06

CH: One of these tools is called SHERLOCK. It can be used to test known viruses on simple paper strips. It is very inexpensive, and frontline health workers can use SHERLOCK to detect the most common or the most threatening viruses within an hour.

CH：其中一种工具叫 SHERLOCK。 在一张简单的试纸上就可以 检测已知的病毒。 它非常廉价， 有了 SHERLOCK，一线医护人员 在一个小时之内就能检测出 最常见的或是最具杀伤力的病毒。

01:25

PS: The other tool is CARMEN. It requires a lab, but it can test for hundreds of viruses simultaneously. So hospital lab staff can test patient samples for a broad range of viruses within a day.

PS：另一种工具叫 CARMEN。 它需要在实验室里使用， 但是可以同时检测几百种病毒。 医院的实验室人员可以在一天之内， 用患者样本检测 种类繁多的病毒。

01:37

Our second pillar is Connect. Connect everyone and share this information across the public health community. In most outbreaks, hospital staff share case information through paper, Excel -- if at all. This makes tracking an outbreak through space and time and coordinating a response extremely difficult. So we're developing a cloud-based system and mobile applications that connect community health workers, clinicians, public health teams -- everyone -- and allows them to upload data, perform analysis, share insights and coordinate a response and action plan in real time.

我们的第二个支柱是连接。 连接每个人，并在 公共卫生群体之中 分享这个信息。 在大多数疫病爆发时， 医院人员即使分享了病例信息， 也只是通过纸质文件和 Excel 表格。 这让在空间和时间上追踪疫情 并协调响应 变得十分困难。 于是，我们正在开发 云端系统和手机应用， 来连接社区医疗工作者、 临床医师、公卫团队—— 几乎覆盖了每个人—— 让他们可以上传数据、 进行分析、分享见解， 并实时协调响应措施， 统筹行动计划。

02:14

CH: Our third pillar is Empower. An outbreak surveillance system can only succeed if we empower frontline health workers that are already out there taking care of communities. It requires a lot of training. Pardis and I are very much aware of that. We've spent the past 10 years training hundreds of young African scientists and clinicians. Over the next five years, we will train an additional 1,000 health workers to use Sentinel detection tools and empower them to train their colleagues. This way, we will improve the original health care system and integrate surveillance into medical practice.

CH：我们的第三个支柱是赋能。 只有我们更好地用技术“武装” 在前线为社区提供服务的 医疗工作者， 疫情监测系统才能充分发挥作用。 这需要很多的培训。 帕蒂斯和我对这一点都非常清楚。 在过去的十年间， 我们培训了数百名年轻的 非洲科学家和临床医师。 在接下来的五年里， 我们还会培训另一千名医疗工作者 如何使用“哨兵”检测工具， 并让他们有能力去培训他们的同事。 这样，我们就能改善 原有的医疗系统， 并将监测纳入医疗实践。

02:54

[Since presenting their Audacious plan at TED, the world has changed ...]

[ 他们在 TED 展示了该“大胆计划”后， 世界就发生了变化…… ]

03:00

Briar Goldberg: So here we are. We're recording this. It's April 7th, 2020, and obviously, we are in the throes of this crazy global pandemic caused by this new coronavirus. So you two have been working together forever, and you really came together pretty aggressively with the Ebola crisis back in 2014. What does it feel like from your perspective?

布莱尔 · 戈德堡（Briar Goldberg）： 现在我们正在录像。 今天是 2020 年 4 月 7 号， 很显然，我们目前正处于 由新型冠状病毒引发的 这场疯狂的全球性 大流行病的困境之中。 你们二位一直都在合作， 而且也在 2014 年非常积极的 共同应对了埃博拉疫情。 你们对此有什么感受？

03:23

CH: Pretty much six years after the Ebola outbreak, we're really facing another crisis, and we still pretty much, like, we never learned from the previous crisis. And that, really, for me, is heartbreaking.

CH：在埃博拉疫情爆发六年后， 我们正面临着另一场危机， 我们仍然像是 从未从前一场危机中吸取教训。 这对我来说，确实很痛心。

03:36

PS: I think that this pandemic has shown us how unprepared we are everywhere in the world. Christian and our partners together had diagnostics at our hospital sites in Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Senegal in early February. Most states in the United States didn't have it until far later. It tells us that we are all in this together, and we are all very much behind the curve.

PS：我觉得这场大流行 向我们揭示了，我们准备得很不充分， 世界各地都是如此。 克里斯提昂和我们的合作伙伴 二月初就在尼日利亚、 塞拉利昂和塞内加尔的 当地医院开展了检测。 美国的大多数州 直到很晚才开展检测。 这就说明， 我们必须同舟共济， 而我们在行动上是很滞后的。

04:03

BG: So, this Sentinel system is amazing, but I know that the question that's on everybody's mind is: How is that playing into the here and now?

BG：这个“哨兵”系统很棒， 但我知道，所有人都很好奇： “哨兵”系统在这场危机中 究竟扮演着什么角色？

04:12

PS: You know, we describe Sentinel as a pandemic preemption system, and here we are in a pandemic. But what's great is that, actually, the same tools you need to preempt a pandemic are the ones that you need to respond to one. And so all of the technologies that we have laid out -- the point-of-care testing, the multiplex testing, the discovery and tracking of the virus as it's changing, and the overlay of the mobile applications to dashboard -- are all critical.

PS：我们将“哨兵”系统 描述为大流行病的预防系统， 而目前我们正身陷大流行病之中。 但好的一方面是，实际上， 用来预防大流行病的工具， 也正是可以应对 大流行病的工具。 所以，我们部署好的所有技术—— 即时检测、多重检测， 对不断变化的病毒的发现和追踪， 以及添加数据面板的手机应用—— 全都至关重要。

04:36

CH: For us, it is a war. We are basically committed for 24 hours' turnaround time in order to give results, and that requires for us to work around the clock nonstop. So it's a pretty challenging moment. We are away from family. At least I have the privilege to see family today, and then I'm sure tomorrow I'm heading back in the trenches. In my lab, we sequenced the first COVID-19 genome on the African continent, and that really was done within 48 hours. This is revolutionary coming from Africa and then making this information available for the global health community to see what the virus within Africa looks like. I believe that with technologies and knowledge and then sharing information, we can do better and then we can overcome.

CH：对我们来说，这是一场战争。 我们基本上是承诺了 24 小时内给出结果的 检测周转时间， 这就要求我们连轴转地不停工作。 所以这是个非常具有挑战性的时刻。 我们一直远离家庭。 至少，我今天有幸跟家人重聚， 但我很确信明天我就要回到前线。 我的实验室对非洲大陆上 第一个 COVID-19 基因组进行了测序， 48 小时之内就完成了。 这是来自非洲的变革， 将这个信息分享给全球的医疗群体， 看看非洲的病毒是什么样的。 我相信有了技术、知识， 以及信息共享系统， 我们可以做得更好， 我们可以战胜病毒。

05:19

PS: The whole idea of Sentinel is that we all stand guard over each other. We all watch. Each one of us is a sentinel. Each one of us, being able to monitor what is making us sick, can share that with the rest of our community. And I think that is what I profoundly want, is for us to all stand guard and watch over each other.

PS：“哨兵”系统的整个想法 就是我们守护彼此。 我们都在观测。 我们每个人都是哨兵。 我们每个人都有能力监测 是什么让我们生病， 并可以与社区中的其他人 分享这个信息。 我觉得这是我最衷心的愿望： [ 支持该计划请登陆 AudaciousProject.org] 我们都是哨兵， [ 支持该计划请登陆 AudaciousProject.org] 我们守护彼此。

05:40

[Dr. Pardis Sabeti and Dr. Christian Happi]

[ 帕蒂斯 · 萨贝提博士和 克里斯提昂 · 哈贝博士 ]

05:44

[Ingenious scientists. Courageous partners. Global heroes.]

[ 天才的科学家。 勇敢的搭档。 世界的英雄。 ]