听力课堂TED音频栏目主要包括TED演讲的音频MP3及中英双语文稿，供各位英语爱好者学习使用。本文主要内容为演讲MP3+双语文稿:你需要知道的面部监视，希望你会喜欢！
【演讲者及介绍】Kade Crockford
Kade致力于在数字21世纪保护和扩大美国宪法第一和第四修正案的核心权利和公民自由。
【演讲主题】What you need to know about face surveillance 你需要知道的面部监视
【中英文字幕】
翻译者 Yenn Wei 校对者 Yanyan Hong
00:04
How many of you have ever heard someone say privacy is dead? Raise your hand. How many of you have heard someone say they don't care about their privacy because they don't have anything to hide? Go on.
你们多少人曾听别人说过 隐私已死？ 请举个手。 你们多少人曾听别人说过 他们不在乎他们的隐私 因为他们认为自己没什么好隐藏？ 继续举手。
00:17
(Laughter)
（笑声）
00:19
Now, how many of you use any kind of encryption software? Raise your hand. Or a password to protect an online account? Or curtains or blinds on your windows at home?
现在，你们多少人 使用过任何一种加密软件？ 请举手。 或者用密码来保护网络账号？ 或者在家用窗帘 或百叶窗来遮挡你们的窗户？
00:32
(Laughter)
（笑声）
00:34
OK, so that's everyone, I think.
好了，我想所有人都举过手了。
00:36
(Laughter)
（笑声）
00:38
So why do you do these things? My guess is, it's because you care about your privacy. The idea that privacy is dead is a myth. The idea that people don't care about their privacy because "they have nothing to hide" or they've done nothing wrong is also a myth. I'm guessing that you would not want to publicly share on the internet, for the world to see, all of your medical records. Or your search histories from your phone or your computer. And I bet that if the government wanted to put a chip in your brain to transmit every one of your thoughts to a centralized government computer, you would balk at that.
那你们为什么会那样做呢？ 我猜是 因为你们在乎自己的隐私。 隐私已死这个想法是个错误的。 人们觉得不在乎自己的隐私是因为 “他们没有什么好隐藏” 的想法， 或者是他们没做错什么事。 这些想法也是错误的看法。 我猜你们是不会想要 把自己的信息公开分享到网上 让全世界看到， 比如所有你们自己的医疗报告， 或是你们手机或电脑上的浏览记录。 而且我敢说， 如果政府想要在 你的大脑里嵌入一个芯片 来将你的每一个想法 都传输到政府控制的电脑， 你一定会迟疑。
01:17
(Laughter)
（笑声）
01:20
That's because you care about your privacy, like every human being. So, our world has changed fast. And today, there is understandably a lot of confusion about what privacy is and why it matters. Privacy is not secrecy. It's control. I share information with my doctor about my body and my health, expecting that she is not going to turn around and share that information with my parents, or my boss or my kids. That information is private, not secret. I'm in control over how that information is shared.
那是因为你和所有人一样 在乎自己的隐私。 所以，我们的世界变化很快。 目前，可以理解大家都对隐私是什么， 以及隐私为何重要感到困惑。 隐私不是秘密， 它是控制。 我跟我的医生分享 关于我的身体和健康的信息， 并期望她不会转身 将这些信息分享给我的爸妈， 或者我的老板，我的孩子。 那些信息是私人的，不是秘密。 我需要能控制这些信息 以及用何种方式分享出去。
02:01
You've probably heard people say that there's a fundamental tension between privacy on the one hand and safety on the other. But the technologies that advance our privacy also advance our safety. Think about fences, door locks, curtains on our windows, passwords, encryption software. All of these technologies simultaneously protect our privacy and our safety.
大家或许听别人说过， 隐私和安全之间 存在着一种根本上的 紧张关系。 但是科技在保护我们隐私的同时 也在保护了我们的安全。 想想围栏、门锁、 我们的窗帘、密码， 加密软件。 所有这些技术 都在同时保护 我们的隐私和我们的安全。
02:28
Dragnet surveillance, on the other hand, protects neither. In recent years, the federal government tasked a group of experts called The Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board with examining post-9/11 government surveillance programs, dragnet surveillance programs. Those experts could not find a single example of that dragnet surveillance advancing any safety -- didn't identify or stop a single terrorist attack. You know what that information was useful for, though? Helping NSA employees spy on their romantic interests.
而天网似的监控， 则两者都无法保护。 近年来， 联邦政府要求一群专家 组成隐私和公民自由监督委员会 来审查 911 事件后 实行的政府监控计划项目， 拖网监控计划。 这些专家不能找到 任何一个例子证明 拖网监控计划可以加强安全—— 它不能发现或者阻止一起恐怖袭击。 然而你知道这些信息 可以用在哪里吗？ 可以帮助 NSA 的职员们 暗中监视他们喜欢的对象。
03:02
(Laughter)
（笑声）
03:04
(Audience: Wow.)
（观众：哇。）
03:06
Another example is closer to home. So millions of people across the United States and the world are adopting so-called "smart home" devices, like internet-connected surveillance cameras. But we know that any technology connected to the internet can be hacked. And so if a hacker gets into your internet-connected surveillance camera at home, they can watch you and your family coming and going, finding just the right time to strike. You know what can't be hacked remotely? Curtains.
另一个例子更贴近生活。 全美国和全世界，成千上万的人们 都在使用所谓的 “智能居家” 设备， 像联网的监控摄像头。 但是我们知道任何技术只要连上网 都可以被入侵。 所以如果一个黑客 侵入你在家里的联网监控摄像头， 他们就可以监看 你和你的家人的一举一动， 找到合适的时间来闯入你的家门。 你知道什么不能被远程入侵吗？ 窗帘。
03:37
(Laughter)
（笑声）
03:38
Fences. Door locks.
围栏。 门锁。
03:40
(Laughter)
（笑声）
03:41
Privacy is not the enemy of safety. It is its guarantor.
隐私不是安全的敌人， 它是安全的保障。
03:47
Nonetheless, we daily face a propaganda onslaught telling us that we have to give up some privacy in exchange for safety through surveillance programs. Face surveillance is the most dangerous of these technologies. There are two primary ways today governments use technologies like this. One is face recognition. That's to identify someone in an image. The second is face surveillance, which can be used in concert with surveillance-camera networks and databases to create records of all people's public movements, habits and associations, effectively creating a digital panopticon.
然而， 我们每天都在 受到因为政府监控计划 必须得放弃一部分的隐私 来换取安全的 宣传轰炸。 脸部监控是其中最危险的一项技术。 如今政府用这些类似的技术 主要有两大用处， 一个是人脸识别， 那是通过图像来识别某人。 第二个是人脸监控， 会用在音乐会现场 搭配监控摄像头的网络平台和数据库 来记录所有人们在公共场合的举动、 习惯和人际关系， 有效地创造了一个数字化的环形监狱。
04:30
This is a panopticon. It's a prison designed to allow a few guards in the center to monitor everything happening in the cells around the perimeter. The people in those prison cells can't see inside the guard tower, but the guards can see into every inch of those cells. The idea here is that if the people in those prison cells know they're being watched all the time, or could be, they'll behave accordingly. Similarly, face surveillance enables a centralized authority -- in this case, the state -- to monitor the totality of human movement and association in public space. And here's what it looks like in real life. In this case, it's not a guard in a tower, but rather a police analyst in a spy center. The prison expands beyond its walls, encompassing everyone, everywhere, all the time. In a free society, this should terrify us all.
这就是个环形监狱。 设计这种监狱的目的 就是为了用较少的狱警 从中心就能监控四周的 牢房里所发生的一切。 在监狱牢房里的人们 看不见牢塔的内部， 但是狱警却可以 看清牢房里的每个角落。 我这里的想法是， 如果在这些监狱牢房里的人们 知道他们时时刻刻受到监视， 或者是可能受到监视， 他们将会表现出相应的行为。 同样地，人脸监控 让有集中权的机构—— 这个例子里就是州政府—— 能监控所有人在公共场所的一举一动 与人际关系。 在现实生活中看起来 就是这个样子。 这个例子里，塔内有的不是狱警， 而是间谍中心的警方分析员。 这个监狱延伸到了围墙之外， 困扰着所有人， 在任何地方、任何时候。 在一个自由的社会， 这理应让我们所有人惊恐。
05:35
For decades now, we've watched cop shows that push a narrative that says technologies like face surveillance ultimately serve the public good. But real life is not a cop drama. The bad guy didn't always do it, the cops definitely aren't always the good guys and the technology doesn't always work. Take the case of Steve Talley, a financial analyst from Colorado. In 2015, Talley was arrested, and he was charged with bank robbery on the basis of an error in a facial recognition system. Talley fought that case and he eventually was cleared of those charges, but while he was being persecuted by the state, he lost his house, his job and his kids. Steve Talley's case is an example of what can happen when the technology fails. But face surveillance is just as dangerous when it works as advertized.
几十年来，我们所看的警匪剧 主打的故事线是关于 像人脸监控这样的技术 最终都是对社会有益的。 但是现实生活不是一部警匪剧。 坏人并不总是在做坏事， 警察也不一定都是好人， 而且科技不一定一直有效工作。 就拿斯蒂芬・泰利 （Steve Talley）的例子来说， 一位来自科罗拉多州的财经分析师。 在 2015 年，泰利被逮捕 并被控诉涉嫌银行抢劫案， 指控的根据是人脸识别系统的故障。 泰利驳回了此案， 并最终洗清了一切罪名， 但是在他被州政府追查的过程中， 他失去了他的房子、工作和孩子们。 斯蒂芬・泰利的案例是 当科技故障时 带来后果一个例子。 但是人脸监控若能如宣传一样运作， 那么它的危险性非同小可。
06:30
Just consider how trivial it would be for a government agency to put a surveillance camera outside a building where people meet for Alcoholics Anonymous meetings. They could connect that camera to a face-surveillance algorithm and a database, press a button and sit back and collect a record of every person receiving treatment for alcoholism. It would be just as easy for a government agency to use this technology to automatically identify every person who attended the Women's March or a Black Lives Matter protest. Even the technology industry is aware of the gravity of this problem. Microsoft's president Brad Smith has called on Congress to intervene. Google, for its part, has publicly declined to ship a face surveillance product, in part because of these grave human and civil rights concerns. And that's a good thing. Because ultimately, protecting our open society is much more important than corporate profit.
想想看政府会多么轻易 就能把一个监控摄像头安装在 举办嗜酒者互戒协会的建筑外面。 他们可以将摄像头和 人监控里的程序算法以及数据库连接， 按一个键，然后坐等收集 每个来接受戒酒治疗的人们的记录。 政府部门也可以很容易地 使用这项技术来自动识别 每一位曾参加过女权运动， 或者 “黑人的命也是命” 的游行。 甚至科技行业也意识到 这个问题的严重性。 微软主席布拉德・史密斯 （Brad Smith）曾呼吁国会去干预。 至于谷歌， 也公开拒绝推出人脸监控的技术产品， 一部分是出于 对人权和公民权利的担忧。 这是件好事。 因为最终来说， 保护我们开放的社会远比 企业利益重要得多。
07:32
The ACLU's nationwide campaign to get the government to pump the brakes on the adoption of this dangerous technology has prompted reasonable questions from thoughtful people. What makes this technology in particular so dangerous? Why can't we just regulate it? In short, why the alarm?
美国公民自由权协会 （ACLU）的全国性活动 来促使政府终止 使用这项危险的技术， 活动已经让许多深思熟虑的人们 提出很多合理的质疑。 什么使得这项技术变得如此的危险呢？ 为什么我们不能立法约束它呢？ 简而言之，为什么弄得人心惶惶？
07:52
Face surveillance is uniquely dangerous for two related reasons. One is the nature of the technology itself. And the second is that our system fundamentally lacks the oversight and accountability mechanisms that would be necessary to ensure it would not be abused in the government's hands. First, face surveillance enables a totalizing form of surveillance never before possible. Every single person's every visit to a friend's house, a government office, a house of worship, a Planned Parenthood, a cannabis shop, a strip club; every single person's public movements, habits and associations documented and catalogued, not on one day, but on every day, merely with the push of a button. This kind of totalizing mass surveillance fundamentally threatens what it means to live in a free society. Our freedom of speech, freedom of association, freedom of religion, freedom of the press, our privacy, our right to be left alone.
人脸监控格外的危险有以下 两个相关的原因。 一个是这技术本身的自然属性。 第二个是我们的体制 从根本上缺乏监管和可靠性的机制 有这些机制 才能保证它不会被政府滥用。 首先，人脸监控使得 全方位的监控成为可能， 这是前所未有的。 每个人每次拜访朋友家， 政府部门， 教堂， 计划生育协会， 大麻店， 脱衣舞俱乐部； 每个人在公共场合的 行动、习惯和人际关系 都会被记录和分类， 不是一天，而是每天， 仅仅因一个按钮的触动。 这种全方位大规模的监督 从根本上危及 在一个自由社会生活的意义。 我们的言论自由，人际交往的自由， 宗教信仰自由， 新闻媒体自由， 我们的隐私， 我们独处的权利。
09:01
You may be thinking, "OK, come on, but there are tons of ways the government can spy on us." And yes, it's true, the government can track us through our cell phones, but if I want to go to get an abortion, or attend a political meeting, or even just call in sick and play hooky and go to the beach ...
你或许在想，“好吧，但是政府 有千万种方法来监视我们。” 是的，这是真的， 政府可以通过我们的手机来追踪我们， 但，如果我想去堕胎， 或者是参加一政治会议， 或者打电话请病假， 然后逃学去海滩玩……
09:20
(Laughter)
（笑声）
09:21
I can leave my phone at home. I cannot leave my face at home.
我可以把我的手机放在家里， 但我不能把我的脸放置在家里。
09:28
And that brings me to my second primary concern: How we might meaningfully regulate this technology. Today, if the government wants to know where I was last week, they can't just hop into a time machine and go back in time and follow me. And they also, the local police right now, don't maintain any centralized system of tracking, where they're cataloging every person's public movements all the time, just in case that information some day becomes useful. Today, if the government wants to know where I was last week, or last month or last year, they have to go to a judge, get a warrant and then serve that warrant on my phone company, which by the way, has a financial interest in protecting my privacy. With face surveillance, no such limitations exist. This is technology that is 100 percent controlled by the government itself. So how would a warrant requirement work in this context? Is the government going to go to a judge and get a warrant, and then serve the warrant on themselves? That would be like me giving you my diary, and saying, "Here, you can hold on to this forever, but you can't read it until I say it's OK." So what can we do?
而这引起了我的第二个担忧： 我们要如何有效地系统规范这项技术。 今天，如果我们的政府 想要知道上周我在哪， 他们不能坐上时间穿梭机 倒回之前的时空来跟踪我。 而如今的地方警察， 他们也没有任何集中式的追踪系统， 能够随时记录分析每个人的公共行为， 以防有一天这些信息变得有用。 今天，如果政府想要知道我上周在哪， 或者上个月，去年， 他们必须得拜访法官，获得搜查令 然后拿着搜查令 来到我的手机运营公司， 顺别说一句，那手机公司 有财务权益来保护我的隐私。 而人脸监控， 就没有这些限制了。 这是一项百分之百 由政府自主控制的技术。 所以在这情况下， 在要搜查令的时候会变成什么样呢？ 政府部门会向法官获得搜查令， 然后把搜查令交给他们自己吗？ 这就好比说我把我的日记本给你， 说：“这儿，你可以永远拿着它， 但你得等到我同意才可以阅读它。” 那我们可以做什么呢？
10:44
The only answer to the threat posed by the government's use of face surveillance is to deny the government the capacity to violate the public's trust, by denying the government the ability to build these in-house face-surveillance networks. And that's exactly what we're doing. The ACLU is part of a nationwide campaign to pump the brakes on the government's use of this dangerous technology. We've already been successful, from San Francisco to Somerville, Massachusetts, we have passed municipal bans on the government's use of this technology. And plenty of other communities here in Massachusetts and across the country are debating similar measures.
对政府使用人脸监控所带来的 威胁的唯一答复是 否认政府有权来入侵破坏公众的信任， 通过拒绝给予政府权力 来建立这些室内脸部监控网络。 这正是我们现在在做的事情。 美国公民自由权协会是 全国性活动的一份子 来阻止政府使用这项危险的技术。 我们已取得一些胜利， 从旧金山到马萨诸塞州萨默维尔市， 我们已经通过市政府对 政府使用这项技术的禁令。 还有很多在马萨诸塞州 以及全国各地的其他社区 都在讨论类似的措施。
11:25
Some people have told me that this movement is bound to fail. That ultimately, merely because the technology exists, it will be deployed in every context by every government everywhere. Privacy is dead, right? So the narrative goes. Well, I refuse to accept that narrative. And you should, too. We can't allow Jeff Bezos or the FBI to determine the boundaries of our freedoms in the 21st century. If we live in a democracy, we are in the driver's seat, shaping our collective future.
有些人对我说这个运动注定会失败。 最终来说， 他们说仅仅因为这项技术的存在， 它就会被各地政府部门 应用到各种情况中去。 隐私已死，对吗？ 至少这个说法是如此， 而我拒绝接受这一说法。 大家也应该拒绝它。 我们不能让杰夫・贝索斯 （Jeff Bezos）或联邦调查局 来决定 21 世纪我们的自由的界限。 如果我们生活在民主社会， 我们就是驾驶员， 来引领我们共同的未来。
12:08
We are at a fork in the road right now. We can either continue with business as usual, allowing governments to adopt and deploy these technologies unchecked, in our communities, our streets and our schools, or we can take bold action now to press pause on the government's use of face surveillance, protect our privacy and to build a safer, freer future for all of us.
我们现在正处于一个岔路口。 我们可以像往常一样地工作， 允许政府使用这些未核查的技术， 部署在我们生活的 社区里，街道上，学校中， 或者我们现在就可以大胆行动起来， 按下暂停，阻止政府使用人脸监控， 保护我们的隐私， 并为所有人创造一个 更加安全、自由的未来。
12:36
Thank you.
谢谢。
12:37
(Applause and cheers)
（掌声和欢呼）