听力课堂TED音频栏目主要包括TED演讲的音频MP3及中英双语文稿，供各位英语爱好者学习使用。本文主要内容为演讲MP3+双语文稿:让世界再次疯狂，希望你会喜欢！

【演讲者及介绍】Kristine Tompkins

在执掌巴塔哥尼亚并帮助建立新的企业责任标准之后，克里斯汀·汤普金斯承担了更大的挑战：在南美洲建立1470万英亩的国家公园。

【演讲主题】让我们再次让世界变得疯狂

Let's make the world wild again

【中英文字幕】

翻译者Ivana Korom 校对者Krystian Aparta

00:09

My siblings and I grew up on our great-grandfather's farm in California. It was a landscape of our family and our home. When it was clear that nobody in our generation wanted to take on the heavy burden of ranching, the ranch was sold to a neighbor. The anchor of our lives was cut, and we felt adrift in the absence of that land. For the first time, I came to understand that something valuable can be best understood not by its presence, but by its absence. It was impossible to know then just how powerful the absence of those things we love would have an impact far into my future.

我与兄弟姐妹在加利福尼亚州 曾祖父的农场长大。 那里曾是属于 我与家人的美丽风景。 当大家发现，我们这一代里 没有人愿意承担 经营农场的重担时， 我们只能把农场卖给一个邻居。 我们的生命支柱仿佛就此被击碎， 失去那片土地使我们的心居无定所。 自此，我开始意识到， 赋予事物价值与意义的 并不是拥有， 而是失去。 那时的我还无法理解 失去心爱的事物会对我今后的人生 造成多大的影响。

01:00

For 23 years, my working life was with Yvon Chouinard. I started when he was designing and manufacturing technical rock and ice climbing equipment in a tin shed near the railroad tracks in Ventura. And when Yvon decided to start making clothes for climbers and call this business Patagonia, I became one of the first six employees, later becoming CEO and helping build a company where creating the best products and doing good by the world was more than just a tagline.

我与伊冯·乔伊纳德（Yvon Chouinard） 共事了 23 年， 从他在凡吐拉市（Ventura） 铁路旁边的一个铁皮房里 设计与生产 技术攀岩和攀冰器具时就开始了。 当伊冯决定转行制造登山服， 并且命名他的公司为 “巴塔哥尼亚（Patagonia）”时， 我变成了他最开始的六个员工之一， 后来变成了这个公司的 CEO， 帮助经营公司。 对于我们来说， 创造最好的产品和为世界服务 不仅仅是一个标语。

01:32

Doug Tompkins, who would become my husband years later, was an old friend and climbing companion of Yvon's and also an entrepreneur. He cofounded The North Face and Esprit company. All three of these businesses were created by people who had grown up through the '60s, shaped by the civil rights, antiwar, feminist and peace movements. And those values were picked up in those years and carried throughout the values of these companies.

道格·汤普斯金（Doug Tompkins）， 这个在几年之后将成为我丈夫的男人， 是和伊冯一起攀岩的老朋友， 同时也是一位创业者。 他与人共同创办了 The North Face 和 Esprit 品牌。 这三个品牌 都是由在六十年代长大的人创立的， 且由人权、反战、女权 以及和平运动的新思想培育成型。 以上所有的价值观 都是在那些年出现， 并对这些公司产生了深远的影响。

02:06

By the end of the 1980s, Doug decided to leave business altogether and commit the last third of his life to what he called "paying his rent for living on the planet." At nearly the same time, when I hit 40, I was ready to do something completely new with my life. The day after retiring from the Patagonia company, I flew 6,000 miles to Patagonia the place and joined Doug as he started what was the first conservation project of that third of his life.

在八十年代末， 道格决定退出他所创办的公司， 一心将他的后三分之一人生 致力于他所谓的 “支付住在这颗星球上的房租”。 差不多同时间， 在我四十岁的时候， 我也准备用之后的人生 去做与之前相比完全不同的事情。 在我正式从巴特戈尼亚公司 退休的那天， 我飞了 6000 英里 赶往南美洲的巴塔哥尼亚地区， 在道格启动他人生后三分之一年的 第一个保护区计划时与他会面。

02:40

There we were, refugees from the corporate world, holed up in a cabin on the coast in southern Chile, surrounded by primaeval rainforest where alerce trees can live for thousands of years. We were in the middle of a great wilderness that forms one of the only two gaps in the Pan-American highway, between Fairbanks, Alaska, and Cape Horn. A radical change to our daily lives spurred on as we had begun to recognize how beauty and diversity were being destroyed pretty much everywhere. The last wild protected places on earth were still wild mostly because the relentless front lines of development simply hadn't arrived there yet.

在那里，我们是来自金钱世界的难民， 在智利南部海滩边的小屋里躲藏着， 被原始雨林包围着， 一个山达木可以生长 数千年的原始雨林。 我们在一大片荒野之间， 位于费尔班克，阿拉斯加 以及好望角的中间， 这是泛美高速公路上 仅有的两处荒地之一。 在我们意识到 这里美丽与多元的景色 几乎被摧毁殆尽时， 我们的日常生活发生了 天翻地覆的变化。 这颗星球上最后一片野生保护区 尚且安好， 仅仅是因为 残酷的城市发展还未到来。

03:23

Doug and I were in one of the most remote parts on earth, and still around the edges of Pumalín Park, our first conservation effort, industrial aquaculture was growing like a malignancy. Before too long, other threats arrived to the Patagonia region. Gold mining, dam projects on pristine rivers and other growing conflicts. The vibration of stampeding economic growth worldwide could be heard even in the highest latitudes of the Southern Cone.

我和道格身处之地 是地球上最原始的几个地区之一， 还在普玛林公园（Pumalín Park）边上。 我们的第一个环境保护计划， 工业水产养殖， 如同恶瘤一般在这个地区生长。 没过多久，其他威胁便接踵而至。 如开采金矿、古老河流上的水坝工程 以及其它肆意发酵的矛盾。 世界范围内极速的经济增长 甚至波及到了南锥体（南美洲位于 南回归线以南区域）纬度最高的地区。

03:57

I know that progress is viewed, generally, in very positive terms, as some sort of hopeful evolution. But from where we sat, we saw the dark side of industrial growth. And when industrial worldviews are applied to natural systems that support all life, we begin to treat the Earth as a factory that produces all the things that we think we need. As we're all painfully aware, the consequences of that worldview are destructive to human welfare, our climate systems and to wildlife. Doug called it the price of progress. That's how we saw things, and we wanted to be a part of the resistance, pushing up against all of those trends.

我知道通常发展与进步 在人类的词典中都是积极正面的， 它们代表了某种富有希望的进展。 然而，在我们的切身经历中， 充斥的却是工业发展的黑暗面。 当工业化的世界观 被强加到孕育一切生命的 自然生态系统上， 地球于我们而言 就变成了制造我们一切所需的工厂。 我们也开始痛苦地意识到， 这样的世界观所造成的后果 对于人类的福祉、 我们的气候系统以及野生动物 都是具有毁灭性的。 道格称之为“发展的代价”。 这是就是我们对此的态度， 并且我们想要参与阻止这种破坏， 对所有诸如此类的趋势提出抗议。

04:50

The idea of buying private land and then donating it to create national parks isn't really new. Anyone who has ever enjoyed the views of Teton National Park in Wyoming or camped in Acadia National Park in Maine has benefited from this big idea. Through our family foundation, we began to acquire wildlife habitat in Chile and Argentina. Being believers in conservation biology, we were going for big, wild and connected. Areas that were pristine, in some cases, and others that would need time to heal, that needed to be rewild. Eventually, we bought more than two million acres from willing sellers, assembling them into privately managed protected areas, while building park infrastructure as camp grounds and trails for future use by the general public. All were welcome.

购买私人土地，再把它们捐赠出去 来建造国家公园 已经不是一件新鲜事了。 任何一个曾在怀俄明州 大提顿国家公园享受过美景的人， 亦或是在缅因州的 阿卡迪亚国家公园露营过的人， 都曾因这个伟大的想法而获益。 依靠我们的家族基金会， 我们开始购入智利和 阿根廷的野生动物栖息地。 作为生物保护的绝对拥护者， 我们的目标是建立大型的、 相互连接的野生动物保护区。 其中一些地区还保留着原始的古朴， 其余的可能需要时间 去从城市发展中愈合， 以重新回归原始。 总之，我们最后 从乐于助人的卖家手里 购买了超过两百万英亩的土地， 整合成了私人管理的保护区， 同时还建造了露营地 和徒步路线等公园设施， 供之后露营以及漫步的大众使用。 我们欢迎所有人的到来。

05:49

Our goal was to donate all of this land in the form of new national parks. You might describe this as a kind of capitalist jujitsu move. We deployed private wealth from our business lives and deployed it to protect nature from being devoured by the hand of the global economy. It sounded good, but in the early '90s in Chile, where wildlands philanthropy, which is what we called it, was completely unknown, we faced tremendous suspicion, and from many quarters, downright hostility. Over time, largely by doing what we said we were doing, we began to win people over. Over the last 27 years, we've permanently protected nearly 15 million acres of temperate rainforest, Patagonian step grasslands, coastal areas, freshwater wetlands, and created 13 new national parks. All comprised of our land donations and federal lands adjoining those territories.

我们的目标是把这些土地 都以新的国家公园的形式捐赠出去。 你可以把这看作是 某种资本家的柔术运动。 我们把自己在生意场上 得到的私人财富 用于保护自然环境， 使之远离全球经济发展的摧残。 这听起来很不错， 但在九十年代初期的智利， “荒野保护慈善事业”—— 我们是这么叫它的—— 对于人们而言是完全未知的领域。 我们因此承受了 来自社会的高度质疑， 以及来自四面八方的敌意。 不过很大程度上， 因为我们做到了承诺的事情， 我们逐渐赢得了人心。 在过去的 27 年里， 我们持续保护了 近 1500 万英亩的 温带雨林、 巴塔哥尼亚大草原、 沿海地区 以及淡水湿地， 并建造了 13 个新的国家公园。 全部都由我们捐赠的土地 和联邦土地联合建成。

07:03

After Doug's death following a kayaking accident four years ago, the power of absence hit home again. But we at Tompkins Conservation leaned in to our loss and accelerated our efforts. Among them, in 2018, creating new marine national parks covering roughly 25 million acres in the southern Atlantic Ocean. No commercial fishing or extraction of any kind. In 2019, we finalized the largest private land gift in history, when our last million acres of conservation land in Chile passed to the government. A public-private partnership that created five new national parks and expanded three others. This ended up being an area larger than Switzerland.

在道格于四年前 因一场皮划艇事故去世后， 失去所带来的痛苦 再次席卷我的家庭。 但我们作为汤普斯金保护区的成员， 需要化悲痛为力量。 于是在 2018 年， 我们又继续打造了 新的海洋国家公园， 覆盖了南大西洋海域 约 2500 万英亩的面积。 在那片海域没有任何 商业化的捕捞和开采活动。 在 2019 年，我们完成了 史上最大的私有土地捐赠， 将数百万英亩的保护区 交给智利政府。 这个公私合作的项目 创建了五个新的国家公园， 并扩建了三个现有国家公园， 其总面积甚至超过了 瑞士的国土面积。

07:56

All of our projects are the results of partnerships. First and foremost with the governments of Chile and Argentina. And this requires leadership who understands the value of protecting the jewels of their countries, not just for today, but long into the future. Partnerships with like-minded conservation philanthropists as well played a role in everything we've done.

我们所有的项目 都是共同协作的产物。 最初是与智利和阿根廷政府合作， 这样的合作需要领导力， 需要懂得保护国家瑰宝的 重要人士来领导我们， 不仅仅是对现有资源的保护， 更是为未来提供保障。 与和我们有共同思想的 野生保护慈善主义者的合作 也是我们一切项目的核心。

08:23

Fifteen years ago, we asked ourselves, "Beyond protecting landscape, what do we really have to do to create fully functioning ecosystems?" And we began to ask ourselves, wherever we were working, who's missing, what species had disappeared or whose numbers were low and fragile. We also had to ask, "How do we eliminate the very reason that these species went extinct in the first place?" What seems so obvious now was a complete thunderbolt for us. And it changed the nature of everything we do, completely. Unless all the members of the community are present and flourishing, it's impossible for us to leave behind fully functioning ecosystems. Since then, we've successfully reintroduced several native species to the Iberá Wetlands: giant anteaters, pampas deer, peccaries and finally, one of the most difficult, the green-winged macaws, who've gone missing for over 100 years in that ecosystem. And today, they're back, flying free, dispensing seeds, playing out their lives as they should be.

十五年前， 我们问自己， “在保护土地之上， 我们究竟应该怎样创造一个 能够完全运作的生态系统？” 随后我们无论在哪儿工作 都不停问自己， 到底缺了点什么， 什么物种消失了， 或者什么物种的 数量过低，濒临灭绝？ 我们还需要问， “我们应该如何消除 导致这些物种灭绝的首要原因？” 现在看起来显而易见的事情 对于当时的我们来说尤如晴天霹雳。 我们一切工作的本质， 因此完完全全地改变了。 除非所有物种都存在且保持繁衍， 不然我们绝不会放弃我们想要 打造的那个完善的生态系统。 从那时起，我们成功地 重新为伊贝拉湿地 引入了一些属于当地的本土物种。 如巨型食蚁兽、 草原鹿、 野猪， 以及最难引入的物种之一， 绿翅金刚鹦鹉， 它已在那片生态系统中 消失了超过一百年。 现在，它们回来了， 在空中自由飞翔、散播种子、 过着本就属于它们的快乐生活。

09:48

The capstone of these efforts in Iberá is to return the apex carnivores to their rightful place. Jaguars on the land, giant otters in the water. Several years of trial and error produced young cubs who will be released for the first time in over half a century into Iberá wetlands, and now, the 1.7-million-acre Iberá Park will provide enough space for recovering jaguar populations with low risk of conflict with neighboring ranchers. Our rewilding projects in Chile are gaining ground on low numbers of several key species in the Patagonia region. The huemul deer that is truly nearly extinct, the lesser rheas and building the puma and fox populations back up.

这些在伊贝拉的努力中最难的一环 是让顶端食肉动物 回到属于他们的地方。 如属于那片土地的美洲虎， 以及属于那片水域的巨型水獭。 历经数年的重复尝试， 我们终于让这些动物的幼仔 在长达半个世纪的消失后 再次回到伊贝拉湿地。 现在，170 万英亩的伊贝拉湿地公园 可为恢复美洲虎种群数量 提供足够的空间， 且使其基本免于 与临近农场产生冲突。 我们在智利的重归自然计划 正在巴塔哥尼亚地区 为一些重要物种寻找生存空间。 严重濒临灭绝的智利马驼鹿、 越来越少的美洲驼， 以及需要援助的美洲狮和狐狸。

10:42

You know, the power of the absent can't help us if it just leads to nostalgia or despair. To the contrary, it's only useful if it motivates us toward working to bring back what's gone missing. Of course, the first step in rewilding is to be able to imagine that it's possible in the first place. That wildlife abundance recorded in journals aren't just stories from some old dusty books. Can you imagine that? Do you believe the world could be more beautiful, more equitable? I do. Because I've seen it. Here's an example.

如果失去只能带来乡愁或绝望， 就无法为我们提供帮助。 相反的， 只有当它能够激起 我们找回丢失的东西的欲望时， 才会有所帮助。 当然，让土地重归自然的首要任务 是在一开始就相信其可行。 在杂志中记载的丰富的野生动物 并不仅仅是老旧书本上的故事。 你能想象吗？ 你相信这个世界本可以更加美丽， 更加公平吗？ 我相信。 因为我亲眼见过。 让我举个例子。

11:36

When we purchased one of the largest ranches in Chile and Patagonia, in 2004, it looked like this. For a century, this land had been overgrazed by livestock, like most grasslands around the world. Soil erosion was rampant, hundreds of miles of fencing kept wildlife and its flow corralled. And that was with the little wildlife that was left. The local mountain lions and foxes had been persecuted for decades, leaving their numbers very low. Today, those lands are the 763,000-acre Patagonian National Park, and it looks like this. And Arcelio, the former gaucho, whose job was to first find and kill mountain lions in the years past, today is the head tracker for the park's wildlife team, and his story captures the imagination of people around the world. What is possible.

当我们于 2004 年 在智利和巴塔哥尼亚 购买当地最大的一座农场时， 它是这样一番景象。 这片土地就像世界各地 大部分草地一样， 经历了长达一个世纪的过度放牧。 土壤腐蚀十分严重， 数百英里的栅栏 迫使野生动物被圈禁。 哪怕那些是仅剩的 为数不多的野生动物。 当地的美洲狮与狐狸 已遭受长达数十年的迫害， 使得它们的数量变得极为稀少。 如今，那片土地已经成为了占地 76.3 万英亩的巴塔哥尼塔国家公园， 现在则是这样一番景象。 阿谢力奥（Arcelio）， 曾经的加乌乔（南美土著人）， 曾以发现并猎杀美洲狮为生， 而现在却成为了这座公园 野生动物保护组的首席追踪者， 他的故事激发了 世界各地人民的想象力—— 关于什么是可能的。

12:38

I share these thoughts and images with you not for self-congratulations, but to make a simple point and propose an urgent challenge. If the question is survival, survival of life's diversity and human dignity and healthy human communities, then the answer must include rewilding the Earth. As much and as quickly as possible. Everyone has a role to play in this, but especially those of us with privilege, with political power, wealth, where, let's face it, for better, for worse, that's where the chess game of our future is played out. And this gets to the core of the question.

我并非为了自夸 而分享这些想法与照片， 我仅仅是想提出 一个简单明了的观点 并且呼吁人们携手面临 一个非常紧迫的挑战。 如果我们面临的问题是生存， 关乎生命多样性、人类的尊严 以及健康人类社会的生存， 那解决问题的答案 一定包括让地球生态 尽可能广泛、 尽可能地快地恢复。 每个人都能为此贡献力量， 但尤其是像我们这样有特权、 有政治权力、 坐拥财富的人。 让我们面对这个事实，无论如何， 这都是我们未来的棋盘 终将面临的结局。 这就把我们引入了问题的核心。

13:35

Are we prepared to do what it takes to change the end of this story? Having watched young people from around the world rising up and going out into the streets to remind us of our culpability and chastising us for our inaction are the ones who really inspire me.

我们是否准备好为 改变故事的结局而付出一切努力？ 看着世界各地的年轻人 英勇抗议的身姿， 我的内心因不作为而备受煎熬， 但这同时启发了我。

14:25

I know, you've heard all of this before. But if there was ever a moment to awaken to the reality that everything is connected to everything else, it's right now. Every human life is affected by the actions of every other human life around the globe. And the fate of humanity is tied to the health of the planet. We have a common destiny. We can flourish or we can suffer ... But we're going to be doing it together.

我知道，大家早就听过类似的话语。 但如果能有一个时刻去唤醒人类 对于这个世界是环环相扣的认知， 那一定是现在。 每一个人类的生命 都会被全球其余人类的行为所影响。 人类的命运与这颗星球的健康 紧紧捆绑在一起。 我们终将拥有相同的命运： 或繁荣， 或毁灭， 但我们一定会共同面对。

15:01

So here's the truth. We're so far past the point when individual action is an elective. In my opinion, it's a moral imperative that every single one of us steps up to reimagine our place in the circle of life. Not in the center, but as part of the whole. We need to remember that what we do reflects who we choose to be. Let's create a civilization that honors the intrinsic value of all life. No matter who you are, no matter what you have to work with, get out of bed every single morning, and do something that has nothing to do with yourself, but rather having everything to do with those things you love. With those things you know to be true. Be someone who imagines human progress to be something that moves us toward wholeness. Toward health. Toward human dignity. And always, and forever, wild beauty.

所以事实就是， 我们已经不再拥有 选择个人行为的权利了。 在我看来，这是一个道德命令， 每个人都应该去重新思考 自己在生命循环中的职责。 不是以自己为中心，而是顾全大局。 我们需要铭记 我们的行为代表了 我们想成为的人。 让我们创造一个 尊重一切生命本质的文明。 无论你是谁， 无论你需要做出什么努力， 每天早上从床上爬起来， 去做那些与你关系不大， 但却又与你爱的一切 息息相关的事情吧。 那些你知道的最真挚的事情。 去做一个会想象人类进步的人， 去成为那个让我们的族群 更加完整的人—— 为了健康、 为了人类的尊严， 并且一直， 永远的—— 为了荒野的美。

16:14

Thank you.

谢谢。