听力课堂TED音频栏目主要包括TED演讲的音频MP3及中英双语文稿，供各位英语爱好者学习使用。本文主要内容为演讲MP3+双语文稿:专注的艺术，希望你会喜欢！

【主讲人】 Wendy MacNaughton
插画家、图文记者
她相信绘画是帮助每个人放慢脚步、仔细观察和相互联系的重要工具

【演讲主题】The art of paying attention
放慢脚步，看看你周围的世界，绘画可以激发出深刻的人性、以及人与人之间真实的联系。
去画就是去看，而去看就是去爱。

【中英文稿】
All right, I'm going to go out on a limb here. I'm going to say that every single one of us in this room made drawings when we were little. Yes? Yes? OK. And maybe around the age of like, four or five or something like that, you might have been drawing, and a grown-up came over and looked over your shoulder and said, "What's that?" And you said, "It's a face." And they said, "That's not really what a face looks like. This is what a face looks like." And they proceeded to draw this. Circle, two almonds for some eyes, this upside-down seven situation we have here, and then a curved line. But guess what? This doesn't really look that much like a face, OK? It's an icon. It's visual shorthand, and it's how we look at so much of our world today.
我要开门见山地分享异见。我假设在座的各位，在小时候都会画画。对吧？好。也许四、五岁时，你正在画画，一位大人探头看向你的画，问到：“那是什么？”你说：“这是张脸。”大人说：“这不像脸。 脸应该像这样。”接着画了这个：一个大圆圈，两颗杏仁当眼睛，以这个鼻子为例，是倒“7”，接着，一条曲线。但，你猜怎么着?这其实没有很像脸。这是个图示， 是简化过的图像，这是如今我们观察多数事物的方式。

See, we have so much information coming at us all the time, that our brains literally can't process it, and we fill in the world with patterns. Much of what we see is our own expectations.
信息爆炸，大脑确实无法处理这信息量，故我们试图将所见归类。我们所看到的，多半来自我们的预设。

All right. I'm going to show you a little trick to rewire your brain into looking again. Did you all get an envelope that says "do not open" on it? Grab that envelope, it's time to open it. Inside should be a piece of paper and a pencil. Once you have that all prepped, please turn to somebody next to you. Ideally, somebody you don't know. Yeah, we're doing this, people, we're doing this.
好的。在此分享个诀窍，让大脑能够重新去看。你们都有拿到写着 “别打开”的信封吗？拿起信封，开信时间到了！里面应该有纸和铅笔。都准备好之后，请转向你旁边的人。最好是陌生人。是的，各位，我们真的要这样做。

Great. Everybody find a partner? OK, now look back at me. OK, now look back at me. You are going to draw each other, OK? No, no, no, no, wait, wait, wait, wait. I promise this is not about doing a good drawing, OK? That's not what we're doing here, we're looking, this is about looking. Everybody's going to be terrible, I promise, don't worry. You're going to draw each other with two very simple rules. One, you are never going to lift your pencil up off the paper. One continuous line. No, no, trust me here. This is about looking, OK? So one continuous line never lift the pencil. Number two, never, ever, ever look down at the paper you're drawing on, OK? Yes, it's about looking. So keep looking at the person you're drawing. Now put your pencil down in the middle of the paper, OK? Look up at your partner. Look at the inside of one of their eyes. Doesn't matter which one. That's where you're going to start. Ready? Deep breath. (Inhales) And begin.
很好。大家都有搭挡了吗？好，现在看回来我这边。你们要画彼此。不，等等。我保证，重点不是要画得好，好吗？那不是我们要做的，我们要看，重点是看。大家都会画得很烂，我保证，别担心。画彼此时，要遵守两条原则：第一，笔尖不能离开纸面。用一条连续的线。相信我。重点是看，好吗？一条连续线，笔尖不离纸。第二，绝对绝对不要低头看画纸，好吗？是的，重点是看。所以，持续看着你画的对象。现在将笔放于纸中央。好吗？看着你的搭挡。看进他的眼眸。哪只眼睛都行。这是你的起点。准备好了吗？深呼吸。（吸气）开始。

Now, just draw but notice where you are, you're starting there and you see there is a corner, maybe there's a curve there. Notice those little lines, the eyelashes. People are wearing masks, some aren't, just work with that. Now just go slow. Pay attention and draw what you see. And don't look down. Just keep going. (Murmuring) And just five more seconds. And stop. Look down at your beautiful drawings.
只管画，但注意你在看哪，从起点看见转角，也许有条曲线，注意微小的线条、睫毛。有人戴口罩，有人没有，只管去画。慢慢来。注意看，画出你所看见的。而且别向下看。继续画。（低语声）再五秒钟。停。低头看看你美丽的画。

Right? Show your partner their incredible portrait. It's so good, right? I want to see them. Hold them up. Can you guys hold them up? Hold up, everybody. Oh my gosh. Are you kidding me? You all are amazing. OK, you can put your drawings back down, tuck them under, put them on the paper.
对吧？给你的搭挡看看他们的美妙画像。很棒，对吧？我也想看！大家能把画举起来吗？大家都举起来。我的天。你们在开玩笑吗？你们都好棒。好了，可以把画放下来了，跟纸一起收好。

That was wonderful. I mean, they're all terrible, but they're wonderful. Why are they wonderful? Because you all just drew a face. You drew what you saw. You didn't draw what you think a face looks like, right? You also just did something that people rarely do. You just made intimate eye-to-eye, face-to-face contact with someone without shying away for almost a minute. Through drawing, you slowed down, you paid attention, you looked closely at someone and you let them look closely at you. Good job. I have found that drawing like this creates an immediate connection like nothing else. Alright.
很美好，对吧？是画得很烂，但很美好。为什么很美好？因为你们都画了一张脸。你们画下亲眼所见，而非画下对脸的预设。你们刚也做了件人们鲜少做的事。你们刚进行了亲密的眼对眼、面对面接触，且没因害羞而闪避，持续了近一分钟。透过画画，你们慢下来了，你们付出注意力，你们仔细地去看一个人，也让对方仔细地看自己。做得好。我发现这种绘画方式，能马上创造连结，是其他方式所不能比拟的。好的。

So I call myself an illustrator and a graphic journalist. I draw, I tell stories. I spend time with people looking and listening. And I take the words of the people that I speak with and I put it together with drawings that I do, mostly from life, just like you all just did. I found that drawing like this does a lot of things that photography can't do. So when somebody points a camera at you, how do you feel? A little objectified, right? When I'm drawing, I hold my sketchbook low and it keeps an open channel between me and the person I'm drawing. A lot of time somebody will see me drawing and they'll get curious. They'll come over to me, and a real, authentic conversation begins.
我自称为插画家和图文记者。 我画图，我说故事，我花时间观察人群。我将访谈对象所说的话结合画作，题材多半来自生活，正如你们刚所做的。我发现这种绘画方式，无法全然被摄影取代。当有人拿相机对着你，感觉如何？有点被物化了，对吧？我画画时会把素描本放低，这让我和被描绘的对象之间，保有交流的管道。常有人看到我在画画，会好奇地走来，一场真实诚挚的对话就此展开。

Let me give you an example. So a while back, I wanted to do a drawn story about how the public library serves our elders. But after spending a few days kind of lurking around with a sketch pad, looking over older folks' shoulders and asking them what they were reading, I wasn't really getting the story. Until I stumbled upon Leah. Leah is the first, and at the time was the only, full-time social worker dedicated to a library in the nation. Turns out, public library definitely serves our elders. It is also a social service epicenter of a city. This is Charles. Charles works with Leah. And he does outreach within the library to folks who are experiencing homelessness. And he took me around, I carried my sketch pad and I was drawing everything I saw, and he showed me a very different library than I'd previously seen.
让我举个例子。前阵子，我想做篇图画报导，主题是：公立图书馆如何为老人服务。但在花了几天时间拿着画板潜伏在周围，看着老年人的肩膀，问他们在看什么，我并没有找到真正想报道的故事。直到我偶然遇到莉亚。莉亚是全国第一位，也是当时唯一的图书馆专职社工。公立图书馆的确为老人服务。它也是城市的社会服务中心。这位是查尔斯，他与莉亚共事。他在图书馆负责为目前无家可归的人做外展工作。他带我参观，我带着绘图板，画下所见一切，他让我看见了截然不同的图书馆面貌。

So computers that I assumed were for checking-out books, or, you know, looking at emails, were in fact a lifeline for folks who are searching for jobs and housing. The sinks in the public restroom, they are a laundromat and showers for folks who are sleeping on the street. A library is a safe, quiet place where anybody can go and find resources and rest for free. See, the moment I stopped looking for the story that I expected to see, an entirely new and richer truth was revealed. I found this to be true with everything and everyone I've ever drawn.
我设想计算机是用来借书或收电子邮件的，对找工作和房子的人而言，计算机其实是生命线。 公共厕所的洗手槽，谁在街上的人们靠它们来自助洗衣、洗澡。图书馆是安全、宁静的地方，任何人都可以去找资源，去休息，且完全免费。当放下寻找──我预设会看见的故事时，崭新且更为丰富的事实便揭露在我眼前。这个通则对我画过的人事物皆成立。

OK, so I draw from life, right, like you guys did. And so I built myself a mobile studio in the back of a swanky Honda Element -- So that I could go anywhere, talk to anyone at any time and then draw and paint and sleep in the back. It is very cozy.
我从生活取材，就像各位刚才做的，我为自己打造了间行动工作室，在一台时髦的本田 Element车的后座。这样我就能到任何地方，在任何时间和任何人交谈，然后在后座画画和睡觉。非常舒适。

I was on the road in Utah, drawing and talking to people, when I spotted on the side of the road a hand-painted wooden sign. It said "Bootmaker." I stopped. A tall, white, handlebar mustached man wearing a cowboy shirt, opened the door and found me, a sketchbook-carrying, jumpsuit-wearing, urban, lefty lesbian, smiling like, waving like a dork.
有次我在犹他州的路上，边画画边与人交谈，我注意到在路边有个手绘的木制招牌。上面写着“鞋匠”。我停下来。一位高大、白人、穿着牛仔衫、留着两撇胡子的男子打开门，看到我──带着素描簿、穿着连身服的都会左派女同性恋，像蠢蛋一样微笑挥手。

When I spotted the stuffed cougar on the wall behind him, this vegetarian thought she knew all she needed to know about Don the bootmaker. But there we were. So I asked him if he'd just show me quickly a little bit about his craft. He agreed. And we ended up spending the whole day together, as I drew out Don in his workshop, and he told me about the sudden death of his beloved wife, about his deep, deep grief, and about this hunting trip that he was planning, and so looking forward to taking with his son. Every tool in that shop held a story. And he was so, so happy to share it with somebody who was genuinely curious and interested. By the end of the day, Don and I looked very different to one another. And this drawing, which ended up in my visual column in the New York Times or as Don likes to call it, the fake-news media -- now hangs framed on the wall of his big game trophy room.
当我注意到他身后墙上有一只毛茸茸的美洲狮时，这位素食者自认为：她已经知道鞋匠老唐的一切。但既来之…。所以我问他：是否愿为我介绍他的工艺品。他同意了。结果我们整天都待在一起，当我在工作坊，画着老唐时，他告诉我他的爱妻突然去世，他深切的悲恸，也告诉我计划中的打猎行程，并期待能与儿子同行。工作坊中的每件工具都有故事。他很高兴能和真正好奇、感兴趣的人分享。那天结束时，老唐和我，眼中的彼此都不同了。这幅画，最后出现在我在《纽约时报》的视觉专栏中，或者像老唐喜欢的那样，称之为──假新闻媒体，现在这图被裱框挂在他的狩猎品展间。

So I was getting ready to start on a new drawn story when the pandemic hit. And overnight I was, like so many people, just unable to do my job. It was my own mother who suggested that I teach drawing to kids. Kids who were about to lose their routines, be stuck at home, and to help give parents a much needed short break. Now I'm trained as a social worker, but I'd never taught kids before. But the night before school closures in San Francisco, I went on Instagram and announced that the next day we'd try something called DrawTogether. 10 am. I sat behind my drawing table in my home studio and my wonderful wife pointed an iPhone at me and pressed "Go live." And what I thought would be 100 kids, ended up being 12,000. All eager to draw a dog. The next day, 14,000 kids came and we drew a tree, and that drawing exercise that you all just did. What was supposed to be five minutes for five days, ended up being 30 minutes a day, five days a week, for months. And yeah, we talked about line and shape and we learned about perspective and light and shadow. But what was really going on was we were actively looking our way through a global catastrophe together.
我本已准备开始新的图画报导，疫情却爆发了。一夕之间，我和很多人一样无法工作了。正是我的母亲提议我去教孩子画画。那些不能照常生活的孩子，得待在家里，我能给家长极需的短暂喘息。我受过社工的训练， 但我从来没有教过孩子。但在旧金山学校关闭的前一晚， 我上了IG，宣布隔天起我们要来尝试这个活动：“DrawTogether（一起画画）”。早上十点，我在家中的工作室，坐在绘图桌前，我的妻子用 iPhone 拍我，按下“直播”。我原以为会有一百个孩子，结果有一万两千个。全都渴望画只狗。隔天，来了一万四千个孩子，我们画了棵树，还有各位刚才做的绘画练习。本来预计是每天五分钟，总共五天，结果变成每天三十分钟，一周五天，持续了数个月。是的，我们会讨论：线条和形状，我们也会学习：透视、光与影。但我们真正在做的是：一同用积极的眼光看见渡过全球性灾难的方法。

See, drawing slows us down. It keeps our hands moving so we can pay attention to things that we usually overlook or that we ignore. Studies show that drawing is one of the most effective ways for kids to process their emotions, and that includes trauma. It helps us talk about hard things. We say something in DrawTogether, it sounds hokey, but it is true. Drawing is looking and looking is loving. If we can give kids the right supportive environment, drawing helps them let go of perfectionism and fear of failure so that they, unlike you and me, and especially those of us who might have freaked out just a wee bit when I said earlier we were going to draw, right? We can let go of these harder self-judgments so we don't have to undo them later in life.
画画让我们慢下来。画画让我们的手在动，让我们能注意到一些事物，也许常被忽略或忽视的。研究显示，画画是孩子排解情绪，最有效的方式之一，包括排解创伤。画画协助我们谈论难以启齿的话题。我们在DrawTogether常说──听起来可能做作，却是真的──去画就是去看，而去看就是去爱。若我们能给孩子良好的支持环境，画画能协助他们放下完美主义及对失败的恐惧，这么一来，他们就不会像你和我，特别是先前当我说要画画时，就稍微吓到的人。我们能现在就放下严厉的自我评断，而不用在往后才尝试面对修补。

OK, I don't expect you all to become drawers. But I do know that all of us, kids, grownups, everyone in this room, we can all be better at looking. Because this is not a face. And when we live like this drawing, we miss out on all of the depth and detail of the world and people around us. This is a face. And this is a face. And that is such a face. (Laughs) And these are faces. And if you slow down, I promise, pay attention and really look. You will fall back in love with the world and everyone in it. And after the past few years we've had, I think we all desperately need a chance to look closely at one another and at ourselves, and tell the real truth about what we see.
我不期待各位都成为插画家。但我知道，我们所有人，包括孩子、成人、这里的每个人，我们都能“看”得更好。因为，这不是人脸。若我们将生命过得像这张图，我们就错过了世界的 各种深度和细节，及我们周遭的人。这是张脸。这也是张脸。这更是好一张脸。（笑）这些都是脸。如果你慢下来，我保证，专注、用心地去看，你会重新爱上这个世界，及世上的每个人。经历了过去这几年，我想我们都迫切需要一个机会，仔细看看彼此，以及看看自己，并说出我们真正所见。

Thank you.
谢谢。