听力课堂TED音频栏目主要包括TED演讲的音频MP3及中英双语文稿，供各位英语爱好者学习使用。本文主要内容为演讲MP3+双语文稿:小国大影响—推动气候变化，希望你会喜欢！

【主讲人】Nicola Sturgeon
作为首位担任苏格兰首席大臣的女性，她在英国的治理中是一位重要的进步主义者和女权主义者。

【演讲主题】How small countries can make a big impact on climate change
在应对气候变化问题上，国家的大小并不重要，重要的是他们要有雄心壮志。她以一些小国为例，从不丹、斐济到她所在的苏格兰，并指出这些国家的领导力和气候行动正致力于在国际舞台上推动变化。

【中英文稿】

I'm going to start today with a question. In other contexts, perhaps, a risky question, not one you would expect from somebody in my position in a talk about climate change. But it's important. Does size matter?

首先，我向大家提出个问题。 在其他情况下， 或许是个冒险的问题， 你不会期望从我这个职位的人 那里得到的，在谈论气候变化。 但这确实是很重要。 大小重要吗？

My answer, perhaps also unexpected, is that no, it really, really doesn't.

我的答案，或许也出乎意料， 不是，它是真的，还是真的没有。

And Scotland --

苏格兰——

Scotland is proving that. About a mile from here, in the National Museum of Scotland, you will find on display a steam engine designed by the great engineer James Watt. A hundred miles from here, just off the coast of Aberdeen, is the world's biggest floating wind farm. And then just a bit further north from there, in the Pentland Firth, we find the biggest wave power turbine being tested. These are all extraordinary feats of technology and engineering, but they also demonstrate how Scotland, a relatively small country, led the world into the Industrial Age and is now helping to power the world into the Net-Zero Age.

苏格兰就是最好的证明。 在距离苏格兰国家博物馆 大约1公里的地方， 你会看到一个蒸汽机的展出， 由伟大的工程师詹姆斯.瓦特设计。 离这里一百英里，就在阿伯丁海岸附近， 是世界上最大的漂浮风力发电场。 再往北一点，在彭特兰湾， 我们发现正在测试 最大的波浪发电涡轮机， 这些都是技术和工程的非凡成就。 但他们也展示了苏格兰 这个相对较小的国家， 曾引领世界进入工业时代， 现在正推动世界进入“净零脱碳时代”。

And there's a lesson for us in that. When we talk about tackling climate change, we so often talk about the contributions of America, Russia, China, Brazil, and that's important. We won't limit global warming without these countries, but we also have to recognize that the ambition, the leadership and the action of small countries matters too.

这给我们上了一课。 当我们谈到应对气候变化時， 經常提及的是美国、俄罗斯、 中国和巴西所做的贡献， 当然那很重要。 若没有这些国家， 并不能解决全球变暖的问题， 但我们同时也不得不承认 小国的雄心壮志、领导力和行动 也同样重要。

Small countries have no time for small objectives, and I really agree with that. And we see examples of the leadership that small countries show everywhere we look. Take Bhutan. One million people or thereabouts became the first in the world to commit to being carbon-neutral for all time. Since then, 130 countries of all sizes have followed suit. Or Fiji. In 2017, it hosted the UN Climate Conference and did so much to highlight the existential threat that climate change poses to island nations.

小国没有时间追求小目标， 我对这个观点非常赞同。 我看到关于领导力的例子 到处都能看到小国尽在发挥。 就以不丹为例， 这个有着近乎百万人的国家 成为了世界上第一个 致力实现碳中和的国家。 从那以后，130个大小国家 也尾随不丹的步伐。 或是其他例子， 在2017年，斐济举办了 联合国气候会议， 并做了很多事情来强调存在的威胁， 气候变化对岛国构成了威胁。

Now, a country like Scotland with a rich industrial past has a special responsibility. We have disproportionately contributed to climate change, so we must do more now to help tackle climate change.

现在，像苏格兰 过去有着强大工业基础的国家 也需要承担一定的责任。 我们在不同程度上 致使气候变化加剧， 因此，我们必须付出更多 去应对气候变化。

So in recent years, Scotland, this small country, has decarbonized faster than any G20 country. We have just become --

在近些年来，这个小国家苏格兰， 在碳减排方面，比二十国集团， 任何一个国家都要好。 我们已成为——

We have just become the first nation in the world that is not an independent nation -- yet -- to publish --

我们已成为世界上第一个国家—— 非独立的国家， 然而发布——

to publish an indicative, nationally defined contribution showing how we will meet the objectives of the Paris Agreement. So we've pledged to cut emissions by three quarters by 2030 and to be net zero by 2045.

发表了 一份国家定义的指示性贡献 展示我们将如何实现 《巴黎协定》的目标。 所以我们承诺将在2030年之前 减少四分之三的碳排放， 并且在2045年实现零排放。

We're also seeking to galvanize change on the global stage. So we are currently the cochair of a coalition that brings together 200 states, regions, devolved countries like ours to demonstrate leadership in meeting the challenge of climate change. Now that coalition is not represented formally at UN summits, we are not signatories to the treaties that emerge from these summits. But collectively, we represent two billion people across the world, and about half of the reduction in global emissions that we need to see will depend on the actions we take. They will depend on the legislation we pass, the infrastructure we build, the investments we fund.

同时，我们希望 能在全球舞台上迎来更大的改变。 近来，我们成为了联盟的联合主席 并将200个国家、地区 和像我们这样的权力下放国家联合起来， 并在应对气候变化的问题上 发挥领导作用。 尽管联盟在联合国峰会上没有正式代表， 我们也不是这些联合国 峰会协议的签署国。 但总的来说，我们代表了 全世界20亿的人类， 并且我们会为了全球 碳排放减半而作出努力， 这将取决于我们所采取的行动 和通过的立法， 也要靠所建立的基础设施 和筹集得來的投资资金。

So my point today is that, yes, big countries matter, but the leadership of small nations matters too. It's often states and regions and small nations that can step in when the bigger countries fail to act. So when Trump disgracefully took America out of the Paris Agreement, it was a coalition of states and cities that kept the momentum going. And if we raise our ambition and if we follow that through with action, then we can spark the bigger countries to go further and faster, too.

因此，我今天的观点是大国很重要， 但小国的领导同样也重要； 我们的组织通常是国家、 地区和小国可以参与， 就在大国不能 很好地发挥作用的时候。 所以当可耻的川普政府 让美国退出《巴黎协定》的时候， 正是我们国家和城市的联盟 保持了这种势头。 假若我们能有雄心壮志，并贯彻执行， 我们将会激励大国 在这条路上走的更远和更快。

And there's one final point where our voice and our contribution matters. So often it's states or devolved nations like Scotland that have to respond most directly to the impacts of climate change: heatwaves, floods, hurricanes. We have to deal with the implications. Now, for Scotland, California and New South Wales that's difficult but manageable. For many others across the world, it is not. So climate justice matters, too. It’s not enough to cut our own emissions, although that is vital; we have to make sure we are helping those who have done the least to cause climate change to do so too. And with the spirit of justice and fairness absolutely at the heart of that.

到最后，我们的想法 和贡献是极其重要的。 所以通常是国家 或像苏格兰这样的权力下放国家 必须最直接地应对气候变化的影响—— 热浪，洪水和飓风。 我们必须处理这些影响。 现在对于苏格兰、 加利福尼亚州和新南威尔士州， 是个难题，不过还能应付。 但对于世界上其他国家， 就不是这样。 所以对气候问题的公道也很重要。 仅仅是减少本国碳排放是不够的， 虽然这很重要； 我们还要确保能够帮助那些 对气候变化付出最小的国家 也作出一份贡献。 并将公平及公正的信念 完完全全地揣在心中。

So to conclude, my message today is that countries of all shapes and sizes must step up to this challenge. We cannot allow our size to be something that we hide behind. When it comes to tackling climate change, size really, really does not matter. We must think big in our ambition. We must act big in what we do, and we must be big when it comes to the impact we make.

总结一下，今天我想表达的是 无论国家是怎样 都必须加紧应对这一挑战。 我们不能让面积的大小 成为我们躲藏的借口。 在应对气候变化方面， 规模真的、真的无关紧要。 我们必须有抱负。 我们必须在工作中展示我们的才能， 也必须有野心去产生强大的影响。

Thank you very much.

非常感谢您们。

Bruno Giussani: First Minister, thank you. I would like to ask a couple of questions because you mentioned the wind farms up north, but there is a new field opening up in the north, it is an oil field, the Cambo oil field. It’s been licensed by the UK government, and a few weeks ago you wrote to the prime minister of the UK government, and you asked him to reassess that field and the licensing in view of the climate emergency. There's also a growing movement in Scotland against that project. What are people to make of opening up a new gigantic oil field while at the same time pushing for decarbonizing policies at COP?

布鲁诺·朱萨尼：首席大臣，谢谢你﹗ 我想问你几个问题 因为你刚才提到了 北边的风力发电场， 但那北方有新的发展， 是块油田，坎博油田。 由英国政府授权， 并且几个星期以前， 你曾写信给英国首相， 你还建议他重新评估这个领域和授权， 鉴于当今的气候危机。 苏格兰也有越来越多的反对该项目的运动。 人们将可以如何开辟一个新的巨大油田， 在缔约方会议推动脱碳政策的同时？

Nicola Sturgeon: I think people are right to ask big questions and be concerned. Oil and gas is important to Scotland. It has been for four, almost five decades important to fulfilling our energy needs, but it's important to our economy. But if we're not prepared to ask ourselves the hard questions, we're not really facing up to this challenge. We can't switch fossil fuels off overnight, but we must accelerate the transition away from them. And therefore the question is: Is new exploration consistent with that? And that's the question I posed to the prime minister where the power over this lies. Yes, we need to make sure that we make the transition sustainably and fairly. But if we just rely on new exploration of the old ways of doing things, I think the question is whether we do that at the pace we are required to do. So a country like Scotland, we can't just answer the easy questions. We've got to face up to the hard questions as well. But we must make sure the transition is just -- just for people, for communities and for the planet as a whole. And that's what we are committed to seeking, to show leadership on.

尼古拉·斯特金：人们提出重大问题， 并感到担忧是正常的。 油气对苏格兰很重要。 对满足我们将近五十年 能源的需求是很重要的， 但它們对经济也很重要。 但如果我们没有准备好 向自己询问这些难题， 我们未准备好去面对这个挑战。 我们亦不能一夜之间 停止使用化石燃料， 但我们必须加快转型，减少使用。 那么问题来了： 我们新的探索与其一致吗？ 这也是我向首相提出的问题， 因为一切的权力都在他手裏。 是的，我们需要确保 能够实现持续的和平稳的转型。 但如果我们过于依赖那从旧方法而来的新探索的话， 问题就在于是否符合 我们要求的处理步调。 那么像苏格兰这样的国家， 就不能只解决简单的问题。 我们也要尝试去解决一些难题。 但我们必须要明确这种转变， 是为了人类、为了社会和为了全地球。 这就是我们要探索的事物， 和展现的领导力。

BG: What was your exact demand? Redraw the lines? Suspend it? Change it? Reanalyze it?

朱萨尼：具体要求是什么？ 重新再画线，暂停或 更改，或再重新分析吗？

NS: Well, the license was granted 20 years ago. There is a process now it has to go through to get approval for development. And my argument is just if a company was now applying for a new licence, there would have to be a climate compatibility check. Now, arguably that's not robust enough, but the same thing should happen if our existing license is turned into development consent. And that's the process I think should happen. We've got to be careful that we don't leave communities and people behind in that transition. We've got to be careful we don't switch domestic production to imports of oil and gas. That would be counterproductive. So the way in which we make the transition matters. But we can’t have a business as usual. Because if we keep telling ourselves we can rely on fossil fuels forever, then we'll never meet that transition. And that's the key point I think we've got to address.

斯特金：这个许可证在20年前已经批准了。 现在有一个过程它必须经过 是获得开发许可。 而我的看法是 如果一家公司现在申请新的牌照， 则必须进行气候兼容性检查。 也许现在的检查手段还不是很健全， 但会促成过去的重演， 如果我们将现有的许可证 转变成开发许可。 那么在开发过程中， 终会将一切重演。 我们需要保持谨慎 不会在过渡过程中 将社区和人民抛在脑后。 我们要保持谨慎，不要将国内生产 转变为进口油气。 那会适得其反。 因此，我们进行过渡的方式很重要。 也不能像以前一样做事情了。 因为如果我们不断告诉自己 可以永远依赖化石燃料， 将无法达到转型的目的。 这就是关键。

BG: Let's hope it goes in that direction. First Minister, thank you for coming to TED.

朱萨尼：愿一切步入正轨。 首席大臣，感谢您来临 TED。

Thank you.

谢谢。