BBC纪录片《大麻 罪恶之种》 第14期：行为测验莫里水迷宫
I've got a shed full of mops and buckets that he persuaded me to buy, when he was very fixated on cleaning.
他痴迷清洁的那段时间，整个储物室都是他让我买的拖把和水桶。
Yet even at this point, Sheila and Dave didn't connect Paul's behaviour with cannabis
尽管到了这个时候，希拉和戴夫还不认为保罗的行为和大麻有关。
Because they didn't even know he was smoking it.
因为他们根本不知道他在吸大麻。
Innocently, every week we would give him an allowance...
每周我们都会给他零用钱，也不知道他用来干什么...
Even then we didn't make the link between how he was behaving and the fact that he smoking, that necessarily, did we?
即使出现了问题，我们还没有把他这种行为的原因，和他吸大麻的事实联系起来，这两者关联是必然的，是吧？
I know that sounds probably a bit naive now.
我知道，现在这些听起来有点幼稚。
It was only once Sheila and Dave took Paul to a psychiatrist that they connected his problems with cannabis.
直到有一次他们带保罗去看心理医生，他们才把他的问题和大麻联系起来。
Paul was diagnosed with schizophrenia, and prescribed anti-psychotic medication which he may have to take for the rest of his life.
保罗被诊断为精神分裂症，从此以后，他或许要终生服用精神抑制类药物。
But although the connection between Paul's cannabis use and schizophrenia may seems clear...
但是，尽管保罗的病和大麻的关系看起来如此明显。
It's extremely hard to demonstrate.
但却极难证明。
Proving the link between cannabis and psychosis is never going to be easy.
要证明大麻和精神病有关一点也不简单。
It's a bit like a chicken and the egg situation.
就像是证明先有鸡还是先有蛋一样。
Does the drug cause mental illness, or is it that people with mental illness in some way seek out cannabis?
是大麻导致了精神疾病，还是有精神疾病的人需要大麻？
One person trying to untangle this puzzle is Dr. Cathy Fernandes.
凯西·费尔南德斯博士在尝试解开这个谜团。
Tell me, how are you studying the link between cannabis and schizophrenia?
请告诉我，你是如何研究大麻和精神分裂间的关系的。
Well, what we're really interested in is the long-lasting effects of cannabis.
我们真正感兴趣的是使用大麻产生的长期效果。
We're using mice to do this, because we can control when they have the cannabis, what age they have it, and for how long.
我们正在用老鼠来做实验，因为这样能控制它们使用大麻的时间，年龄和使用期限。
So this is the centre of your experiment. What goes on here?
这就是你试验的核心。这里会发生什么事？
That's right. This is a behavioural task called the Morris Water Maze.
没错。这是一种行为测试，叫莫里水迷宫。
It's a spatial memory task, so we are looking at differences in memory and learning.
这是一种空间记忆测试，通过它能测试实验对象的记忆和学习能力。
They have to learn the location of a hidden platform in the pool.
它们要学会找到水池中一个隐藏平台的位置，
So here we have the platform. That's hidden below the level of the water.
这就是那个平台，它隐藏在水面下。
And you got the water, it's sort of opaque, isn't it?
水是浑浊的是吧？
That's right, yes. It hides the platform under the water.
是的，这样才会看不见平台。
So really they've got to learn to navigate by using cues or objects outside the room.
它们要学会使用房间里的线索或物品来记忆位置。
So if you look around the room, we have various objects outside the pool, and these help the animals to navigate.
环顾一下房间，可以看到我们有很多物品来提供线索。
So when they reach the platform, they can look up and try and locate themselves.
这样，当他们到达平台时，就能向上看这些物品并尝试定位了。
So we're looking at really how fast and how quickly they reach the platform,
我们正在观察它们到达平台的时间，
and if they can swim in a straight direction when they reach the platform.
以及是否会使用最短的路线。
