第5章　代　词 5.3　自身代词和相互代词

5.3　自身代词和相互代词

5.3.1　自身代词

1) 自身代词也称反身代词（Reflexive Pronouns），主要有下面这些：

此外，oneself也是自身代词。

2) 自身代词主要用作宾语：

John dressed himself in the most formal suit. 约翰穿得衣冠楚楚。

They should blame themselves for the accident. 出这事应怪他们自己。

This refrigerator defrosts itself. 这冰箱是自动除霜的。

I hope you'll enjoy yourselves. 希望你们玩得好。

Let me introduce myself. 我来介绍一下自己。

To deceive oneself is very easy. 骗自己是容易的。

I had a fit of rage—I could hardly control myself. 我勃然大怒——简直无法控制自己。

He reproached himself for his behavior that evening. 他为他那天晚上的表现而自责。

She prided herself on her cooking. 她为自己的烹调技术感到骄傲。

She busied herself (in) tidying up her desk. 她忙着收拾她的写字台。

关于这种结构还可参阅第13.3.2节。

3) 自身代词也常常用作介词宾语：

She looked at herself in the mirror. 她照了照镜子。

Take good care of yourself. 好好保重。

He ought to be ashamed of himself. 他应当感到惭愧。

The three boys discussed the matter among themselves. 那三个小伙子讨论了这件事。

I'm annoyed with myself. 我生我自己的气。

She was speaking to herself. 她在自言自语。

He didn't pay for himself. 他自己没付钱。

You must learn to look after yourself. 你要学会照顾自己。

4) 自身代词有时用作主语或宾语的同位语：

The president himself gave her the medal. 校长亲自给她颁发了奖章。

Mary herself opened the door. 玛丽亲自开了门。

I myself used to have literary ambitions. 我自己过去也有文学方面的雄心壮志。

The novel itself has glaring faults. 小说本身有严重缺陷。

I must begin by telling about the girls themselves. 我得先谈谈姑娘们自己的情况。

I liked the diamond itself but not the setting. 我喜欢的是钻石本身，而不是它的底座。

She wanted to see Tom himself. 她想见汤姆本人。

有时自身代词有强调作用，近乎状语：

I'll do it myself. 这事我自己来做。

She made the dress herself. 这连衣裙是她自己做的。

Henry opened the safe himself. 亨利亲自打开了保险柜。

You'd better go there yourselves. 你们最好自己到那里去。

5) 自身代词有时还可用作表语（a），间或还可用作主语（b）：

a．I haven't been myself for weeks. 这几个星期我身体一直欠佳。

Now I'm quite myself again. 现在我身体已复原了。

That poor girl was myself . 那个可怜的女孩就是我自己。

b. Both my sister and myself were anxious about it. 我妹妹和我自己都很为这事着急。

I hope Miss Glenn and yourself are keeping well. 我希望格林小姐和你都好。

My brother is as worried as myself. 我弟弟和我自己一样发愁。

6) 自身代词还可用在一些成语中：

a. among yourselves (themselves，etc)你们（他们等）相互间：

Don't quarrel among yourselves. 你们自己不要相互争吵了。

They were busy arguing among themselves. 他们忙着互相争论。

b. between ourselves　咱们私下说说（不可外传）：

This is just between ourselves. 这是咱们俩私下的悄悄话。

Between ourselves, I think Schmidt's about to resign. 咱们私下说说，我想斯密特即将辞职。

c. by oneself　独自一人，自己（没别人帮助）：

Miss Brown was sitting by herself on a bench. 布朗小姐独自一人坐在长凳上。

He went out for a short walk by himself. 他一个人出去散了散步。

The little girl traveled to London by herself. 那小姑娘独自去了伦敦。

d. for oneself　替自己，为自己：

She kept the smallest apple for herself. 她把最小的苹果留给了自己。

With the money they could buy food for themselves. 用这笔钱他们可以给自己买食物。

You can decide for yourself. 你可以自己作出决定。

e. in oneself　本身：

This novel is a history in itself. 这本小说本身就是一部历史。

They were good men in themselves, but they had to make a living too. 他们本身都是好人，但他们也得谋生。

f. to oneself　供自己用：

She has a small room to herself. 她自己有一个小房间。

We want to have some time to ourselves. 我们希望有一些供我们自己支配的时间。

5.3.2　相互代词

相互代词只有两个，即：

可表示两个人或几个人之间的相互关系。在句中可以：

1) 用作宾语：

Probably we influence each other. 或许我们相互影响。

We've known each other for many years. 我们认识许多年了。

The birds fought each other over the bread. 鸟儿为了面包互相争斗。

Yes, we can help one another. 是的，我们可以互相帮助。

Liz and I have known one another for years. 丽丝和我认识多年了。

2) 用作介词宾语：

They struck at each other. 他们彼此打斗。

Their rooms were next (to) each other. 他们的房间彼此相邻。

The three women looked at each other. 三个女人互相望了望。

We don't see much of each other. 我们不常见面。

They exchanged news with one another. 他们互相交换消息.

You should listen to one another a bit more. 你们应多倾听一点彼此的意见。

3) 和's一道构成定语：

We enjoyed each other's company. 我们喜欢彼此待在一起。

They were holding each other's hands. 他们拉着彼此的手。

They often stayed in one another's house. 他们常常待在彼此的家里。

We often listen to one another's records. 我们常常听彼此的唱片。

有时each other还可分开用：

We each know what the other thinks. 我们都知道彼此的想法。

Each tried to do more than the other. 他们争着多干活。