第13章　动词句型 13.5　第四类句型——主语 + 系动词 + 表语

13.5　第四类句型——主语+系动词+表语

13.5.1　主语+系动词+形容词（24）

这是最常见的句型之一，共有下面几种情况：

1) 有些系动词表示处于某种状态：

How are you? "I'm fine." “你好么?”“我挺好。”

She felt a bit dizzy. 她感到有点头晕。

You're not looking very well. 你气色不太好。

The dish smells good. 这盘菜闻起来不错。

The medicine tastes awful. 这药难吃极了。

The report sounds true. 这报道听起来是真实的。

He seemed quite normal. 他显得很正常。

She appeared calm. 她看上去很镇静。

2) 有些系动词表示状态的改变或证明如何：

Gradually he became silent. 慢慢地他安静了下来。

When she saw this, she turned red. 看到这她脸红了。

The weather is getting quite warm. 天气变得相当暖和。

The sea is growing calm. 大海变得平静起来。

She went pale at the news. 听见这消息，她脸色变得苍白。

Things will come right in the end. 情况最后会变好的。

When he saw this, his blood ran cold. 看到这情景，他不寒而栗。

He has fallen ill. 他生病了。

His advice proved sound. 他的告诫证明是对的。

3) 有些系动词表示状态的继续：

She remained comparatively calm. 她保持相对镇静。

They stayed awake to see the eclipse. 他们熬夜来看月蚀。

Jennie, alone, kept silent. 只有珍妮保持沉默。

His temper continued very uncertain. 他的脾气仍然喜怒无常。

This law holds good. 这项法律依然有效。

4) 有些系动词后面可跟现在分词（a）或过去分词（b）（其中很多已变成形容词）：

a． This food looks inviting. 这食物看上去令人垂涎。

Those chocolates smell tempting. 那些巧克力闻起来很诱人。

The results of the explosion were appalling. 爆炸的结果很可怕。

She remained standing for a good hour. 她足足站了一个钟头。

His theory sounds convincing. 他的理论听起来很有说服力。

She seemed lacking in enthusiasm. 她似乎缺乏热情。

b． She always seems pleased, happy and contented. 她总是显得开心、幸福和满足。

He felt troubled and distressed. 他感到很烦恼痛苦。

She didn't look convinced. 她显得不太信服。

He nearly got hit by that car. 他差点被那辆车撞了。

After a time I grew dissatisfied with the work. 过了一段时间我对这工作感到不满起来。

The boundary question remained unsolved. 边界问题仍然没有解决。

关于这种用法可参阅第12.3.2节和12.4.2节。

5) 在个别不及物动词后也可跟一形容词作表语：

The prisoner broke free. 囚犯越狱出逃。

The soldiers have returned safe and sound. 士兵们平安无事地回来了。

The morning dawned bright. 这天早晨天亮时天气晴朗。

Many talented people died young. 许多有才华的人年纪轻轻就夭亡了。

She sat motionless with horror. 她吓得一动不动呆坐在那里。

The rent falls due today. 房租今天该交了。

I stand prepared to dispute it. 我准备好对它提出质疑。

Ten others lay wounded there. 另外十个人受了伤躺在那里。

He played dead. 他躺下装死。

这类表语接近于一个状语。

13.5.2　主语+系动词+名词（代词）（25）

1) 有许多系动词后面可跟名词（代词）作表语：

That girl was my fiancée (me). 那女孩是我的未婚妻（我）。

His dream has at last become a reality. 他的梦想终于成为现实。

He used to be a teacher till he turned writer. 他过去是教师后来成了作家。

He stood there and felt a stranger. 他站在那里，觉得自己像个陌生人。

We can remain friends. 我们可以继续做朋友。

She looks a grown-up young woman now. 现在她看起来像个大姑娘了。

The affair rests a mystery. 这件事一直是个谜。

He appeared a fool. 他看上去像个傻瓜。

It seems to me a very marvellous book. 这在我看来是一本很出色的书。

It sounds a good idea. 这听起来是个好主意。

He fell (a) victim to her charms. 他成了她媚力的俘虏。

2) 有少数其他动词后面也可跟名词作表语：

He died a martyr at his post. 他殉职了。

I still stand your friend. 我仍然是你的朋友。

From these debates the Prime Minister emerged victor. 在这些辩论中首相获胜。

They parted the best of friends. 他们分手时是最要好的朋友。

Don't act the fool. 别发傻了。

She often played the great lady. （玩耍时）她经常假扮贵妇人。

3) 有些名词可作表语，意思接近于形容词：

He was all attention (sweetness). 他聚精会神（非常和蔼可亲）。

She was all tears (smiles). 她泪流满面（满面笑容）。

He is skin and bones. 他骨瘦如柴。

All this is no use. 这一切都没用。

They are the same size (age). 它们大小相同（他们年龄相同）。

I am not fool enough to believe that. 我没傻到相信这个。

What colour is your shirt? 你的衬衫什么颜色？

What nationality is this man? 这人是哪国人？

13.5.3　主语+系动词+副词（26）

1) 动词be可跟许多副词作表语：

Is Helen in? 海伦在家吗？

I have been out for a walk. 我出去散步了。

But I've got to be off now. 不过现在我得走了。

I'll see if he is around. 我会留意他在不在附近。

If he's not here, he's about somewhere. 如果他不在这儿，那就在附近什么地方。

She had been away on a long trip. 她出远门去了。

All right, I'll be down immediately. 好的，我马上就下楼来。

The television was still on. 电视还开着。

Summer is over—it is autumn. 夏天已经过去——现在是秋天了。

When will you be through (with your work)? 你什么时候（事情）可以干完？

He was up all night with a sick child. 他照顾生病的孩子一夜没睡。

When will you be back? 你什么时候回来？

2) 还有少数其他系动词也可以这样用：

I feel down today. 我今天心情不佳。

He looks awfully down. 他看来情绪很低落。

You'd better keep away from that chap. 你最好离那个家伙远点。

I don't feel up to the long journey. 我感到身体不适，不能胜任这次长途旅行。

13.5.4　主语+系动词+介词短语（27）

1) 大部分介词都可引导短语作表语：

I want to consult you. It's about my boy. 我来向你请教，是关于我儿子的事。

The bus stop is just across the road. 公共汽车站就在马路对面。

You know what you are after. 你知道你在寻求什么。

It's against your conscience, but you still want to do it. 这是违背你良心的，但你还是想这样做。

Paris is among the largest cities in the world. 巴黎是全世界最大的城市之一。

I was at a loss what to say. 我不知道说什么好。

The darkest hour is before the dawn. 黎明之前最黑暗。

They are fully behind his welfare policy. 他们完全支持他的福利政策。

She was beside herself with joy. 她高兴得要命。

The temperature is between 80°and 90° 气温在八九十度之间。

To do this was quite beyond my power. 这样的事我远远做不到。

Whom is that book by? 这本书是谁写的？

She was for abandoning the project. 她主张放弃这项工程。

This music is from one of Mozart's operas. 这段音乐取自莫扎特的一部歌剧。

These mobile phones are in great demand. 这种手机需求量很大。

I had only been inside their house once. 我只进过他们家一次。

She is like a narcissus trembling in the wind. 她像一株在风中颤动的水仙花。

Cork Street was near Bond Street. 考克街在邦得街附近。

He was of an excitable temperature. 他是一种好激动的性格。

She is off smoking. 她戒烟了。

He is out of work at present. 他眼下失业了。

The workers were on strike. 工人们在罢工。

They had been through a lot of hardships. 他们受过很多苦。

Have you ever been to Beijing? 你到过北京吗？

All the children were under seven. 所有这些孩子都不到七岁。

Anna was with child again now. 安娜现在又怀孕了。

The task is not within my powers. 这项任务非我能力所及。

His face was without expression. 他脸上毫无表情。

2) 一些其他系动词也可跟这种表语：

They remained in sad poverty. 他们仍过着凄楚贫困的日子。

He seemed on the watch to control himself. 他似乎很注意控制自己。

Keep off the grass. 请勿践踏草地。

He looked in splendid health. 他看起来身体很棒。

It has grown out of date. 这已变得过时了。

They ran out of petrol. 他们的汽油用完了。

I wish I could get out of debt. 但愿我能偿清债务。

3) 这类结构后可能还跟另一个介词短语：

He is in charge of the trade union work. 他负责工会工作。

He is in command of the First Division. 他指挥第一师。

These ballads are of special interest to us. 对这些歌谣我们特别感兴趣。

His actions are not in keeping with his promises. 他的行为与他的诺言不相符。

We are always on the lookout for new business opportunities. 我们一直在寻找新的商机。

The students are in favour of reform. 学生们赞同改革。

This book may be of use to you. 这本书可能对你有用。

We were completely at a loss for an answer. 我们全然不知该如何回答。

He was on the point of leaving when the phone rang. 他正要走时电话铃响了。

We must get in touch with her. 我们必须和她取得联系。

Soon he fell in love with her. 不久他爱上了她。

He seemed out of touch with the outside world. 他似乎和外界失去了联系。

13.5.5　主语+系动词+不定式（28）

1) 有时可用不定式作表语：

His plan is to keep the affair secret. 他的计划是将此事保密。

Their aim was to modernize their agriculture. 他们的目标是实现农业现代化。

Your job is to make sure that the work is finished on time. 你的任务是保证按时完成这项工作。

My duty is to get you away, to save you. 我的职责是带你离开，把你救出来。

His purpose was to become a surgeon. 他的目标是当一名外科医生。

Their goal was to eradicate malaria. 他们的目标是消灭疟疾。

The main objective of this policy is to reduce unemployment. 这一政策的主要目的是减少失业。

My ambition is to become a pilot. 我的志愿是当一名飞行员。

My only wish is to do what's best for you. 我唯一的愿望是为你做到最好。

The problem was to find the right place quickly. 问题是要迅速找到合适的地点。

My advice to you is to speak the truth. 我对你的忠告是讲真话。

The only thing now is to take a taxi. 目前唯一的办法是叫一辆出租车。

2) 不定式有时需用被动形式：

These books are to be read for pleasure. 这些书是供看着玩的。

Surely she was to be trusted. 她无疑是值得信赖的。

This house is to be let. 这所房子供出租。

13.5.6　主语+系动词+动名词（29）

1) 系动词be后面有时跟动名词作表语：

Her hobby is collecting stamps. 她的爱好是集邮。

His occupation was teaching. 他的职业是教书。

My job is repairing cars. 我的工作是修车。

Her main interest is playing tennis. 她的主要兴趣是打网球。

My favourite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。

Our problem is not having sufficient fund. 我们的问题是资金不足。

His weakness is not having enough confidence in himself. 他的弱点是自信心不足。

Their favourite pastime is playing chess. 他们最喜欢的消遣是下棋。

2) 有时主语和表语都是动名词：

Buying such a white elephant is simply wasting money. 买这样大而无用的东西简直就是浪费金钱。

Talking to him is talking to a wall. 和他谈话是白费劲。

Doing that would be playing with fire. 那样做等于玩火。

13.5.7　主语+系动词+从句

1) 最常见的这类表语是that引导的从句（that有时省略）（30）：

Their first idea was that he had hidden it. 他们首先想到的是他把它藏起来了。

My opinion is that the plan won't work. 我的意见是这个计划行不通。

His view is that it's better not to increase investments. 他的看法是最好别增加投资。

The fact is, I never liked him. 事实是我从来没喜欢过他。

His only fault is that he lacks ambition. 他唯一的缺点是缺乏雄心壮志。

The reason for my lateness is that I missed my bus. 我迟到的原因是没赶上公共汽车。

The only trouble is the plan won't work. 唯一的问题是这计划行不通。

What surprised me was that he spoke English so well. 使我吃惊的是他英语讲得这么好。

2) 有些作表语的从句由连接代词（副词）引导（31）：

The question is what you want to do. 问题是你想干什么。

The problem is who can be put in charge of the job. 问题是谁能来负责此事。

What I want to know is how we can solve the fuel problem. 我想知道的是我们怎样才能解决燃料问题。

That's where we differ. 这就是我们的分歧所在。

That's how I look at it. 这就是我的看法。

That's why I came round. 这就是我来的原因。

The coat is where you left it. 大衣还在你原来放的地方。

April is when the lilacs bloom. 四月是丁香花开的季节。

3) 从句有的由关系代词型的what引导（32）：

That's what I wish to do. 这就是我想做的事。

That's what I'm here for. 我来的目的就是这个。

Power is what they are after. 他们所追求的就是权力。

Times aren't what they were. 时代不同了。

13.5.8　主语+系动词+形容词+介词短语（33）

1) 这种结构是非常多的，“be+形容词+介词”已成为习惯用语，有时相当于一个及物动词：

She was afraid of (=feared) snakes. 她怕蛇。

We are short of (=lack) funds. 我们缺乏资金。

She is fond of this country. 她喜欢这个国家。

I was frightened of rats then. 那时候我很怕老鼠。

He was very conscious of his shortcomings. 他很清楚自己的缺点。

She was delighted with the boat. 她非常喜欢那条小船。

We are very pleased with our new house. 我们很喜欢自己的新屋。

I have always been interested in Chinese history. 我一向对中国历史很有兴趣。

I'm rather proud of this place. 为这地方我感到相当骄傲。

I'm tired of living abroad. 我在国外居住已经厌倦了。

I was sick of lying in bed. 我已经在床上躺烦了。

She was disappointed with him (at the outcome of the talks). 她对他（谈判结果）感到失望。

We were confident of his ability (in the future). 我们对他的能力（未来）有信心。

He was worried about you. 他为你担心。

I'm ignorant of mathematics (what happened). 我对数学（发生的事）一无所知。

He's well qualified for the job. 他完全有条件做这工作。

I'm not equal to the position. 我不胜任这职位。

I don't believe he is capable of winning it. 我不相信他能获胜。

I'm surprised (amazed) at his attitude. 我对他的态度感到惊讶。

These plans are subject to their approval. 这些计划有待他们批准。

2) 一些其他系动词也可用于这类结构：

She looked astonished at the news. 听到这消息她显得很吃惊。

I've got (become) used to a vegetarian diet (hard work). 我已习惯于吃素食（干苦活）。

He feels confident of passing the examination. 他有信心通过考试。

I've grown accustomed to traveling. 我已经习惯于旅行了。

They seem delighted with the result. 他们似乎对结果很满意。

We're running short of funds. 我们的资金不多了。

She remained ignorant of what had happened. 她对发生的事仍然一无所知。

He proved quite equal to the task. 他证明完全胜任这项工作。

Your exam results fell short of our expectations. 你的考试成绩没达到我们的期望。

13.5.9　主语+系动词+形容词+不定式（34）

I'm glad to have the opportanity of talking to you. 我很高兴有机会和你交谈。

I was very sorry to hear that you were ill. 听说你病了我很难过。

I'm happy to meet you. 我很高兴见到你。

I'm anxious to visit your country. 我亟盼访问贵国。

She was eager to see her people. 她急于见到她的家人。

He was keen to visit China. 他很想访问中国。

He's always ready to help people. 他总是乐于助人。

We're proud to be Chinese citizens. 作为中国公民我们感到骄傲。

They're all willing to help. 他们都愿意帮忙。

I'm inclined to think she's right. 我倾向于认为她是对的。

We are determined to follow his example. 我们决心仿效他的榜样。

They are prepared to make concessions. 他们准备作出让步。

She was afraid to tell you. 她害怕告诉你。

He was reluctant to go with them. 他不愿意和他们一道走。

Glass is liable to break. 玻璃很容易破碎。

He is content to live a simple life. 他甘愿过简朴的生活。

13.5.10　主语+系动词+形容词+从句

1) 这类结构用that引导的从句时较多（that有时省略）（35）：

I'm afraid there is some sort of misunderstanding. 恐怕有误会的地方。

I'm awfully sorry that this has occurred. 发生了这样的事我非常抱歉。

I'm glad you have come. 我很高兴你来了。

I'm sure he meant well. 我肯定他是好意。

I am certain (positive) that he had seen me. 我肯定他看见了我。

He's confident that he will pass the exam. 他有信心能通过考试。

I'm convinced that he knew the truth. 我相信他知道事实真相。

You must be aware that what you are doing is illegal. 你一定知道你的行为是非法的。

He was delighted that we were successful in our experiment. 他很高兴我们的试验成功了。

I'm disappointed that you cannot come. 你不能来我很失望。

I'm surprised (astonished) he didn't come. 他没来我很吃惊。

He was thankful that the journey was over. 旅行结束了他很欣慰。

They were hopeful that they will win the championship. 他们对夺冠抱有希望。

He suddenly became conscious that someone was looking at him. 他突然意识到有人在看他。

The team feels proud that it has won every match this year. 该队为今年比赛获得全胜而感到骄傲。

I'm irritated that he is so stubborn. 他那样固执真让我生气。

2) 有时从句由连接代（副）词引导（36）：

We're not clear yet what they're up to. 我们还不清楚他们想干什么。

I was not sure what I ought to do. 我不能肯定我该做什么。

He's doubtful whether he can afford it. 他怀疑他能否出得起这笔钱。

She was not aware (of) how much her husband earned. 她不清楚她丈夫挣多少钱。

I am not certain who he is. 我不能肯定他是谁。

I'm worried (about) how the money was spent. 我烦恼的是这钱是怎么花掉的。

They were uncertain whether they could find time to do it. 他们不能肯定是否能找到时间做这事。

I'm undecided whether to go to France or Italy for my holidays. 我还没决定是去法国还是去意大利度假。