金融时报:小乔治的软实力

所属教程:金融时报原文阅读

浏览:

2022年03月29日

手机版

扫描二维码方便学习和分享

小乔治的软实力

一个小王子的诞生能影响国家的实力，这种故事发生在几百年前，也发生在今天。哈佛大学教授约瑟夫·奈(Joseph Nye)指出，这绝非偶然。王室虽然早就退出政治舞台，但仍扮演着传播英国文化和团结英联邦国家的重要角色。美国人民喜迎小王子诞生的同时，英国王室在美国拥有超7成的认可率。古老的君主制仍有助于塑造大英的软实力。

测试中可能遇到的词汇和知识：

Windsor['winzə] 温莎，目前的英国王室，家长即女王伊丽莎白二世。其实际姓氏为韦廷(Wettin)，因其来自德国。一战时，英王乔治五世为表示与表兄弟德皇威廉二世坚决作战的态度，将姓氏更改为温莎。

Tudor['tju:də] 都铎王室，1485至1603年间统治英格兰的王朝，其业绩包括确立了对威尔士和爱尔兰的统治，以及与天主教决裂等。都铎王朝被认为是英国君主专制的黄金时期。

Commonwealth['kɒmənwelθ] n.英联邦

innings['iniŋz] n.局

trappings['træpɪŋz] n.服饰，礼服

British Council 英国文化委员会

House of Lords 上议院

vestigial[vɛ'stɪdʒɪəl] adj.残余的

panacea[,pænə'siə] n.灵丹妙药

Joseph Nye 哈佛大学国际关系和政治学教授，“软实力”“巧实力”概念的提出者

The infant Prince George is a source of real-world power (775 words)

By Joseph Nye

Can an infant affect the global power of a nation in the 21st century? He can if he is a Windsor born in Britain this week. Not perhaps the way a male Tudor heir would have affected Britain’s balance with Spain five centuries ago, but Prince George affects Britain’s soft power in the world. For better or worse, the monarchy still matters in global politics.

The British monarch, of course, is the head of the 54-nation Commonwealth, and even where she is no longer head of state, the royal brand still stirs some hearts and sells some products. And in the US, the land of revolting colonials where George III is still a villain in the schoolbooks and many pundits have (mistakenly) pronounced the end of the special relationship, people arose early to watch the royal wedding and now celebrate the birth of the new prince. Television anchors gush with enthusiasm. Even before this week’s event, a CBS/New York Times poll reported in 2011 that 71 per cent of Americans thought the royal family “a good thing,” and only 15 per cent were against it. This is remarkably similar to the monarchy’s 77 per cent approval rating at home.

We live in a celebrity era and the monarchy has managed to hold its own in competition with rock stars and athletes. In an information age, where power is not only a function of whose army wins but also whose story wins, the monarchy has provided a compelling narrative with more durability than the 15 minutes of fame enjoyed by celebrities who lack its institutional trappings.

Britain has recently been enjoying a good innings in the soft-power league. Not only have the BBC and the British Council kept their international reputations for credibility but the successful London Olympics and Paralympics provided a beneficial burst of public relations. In its 2012 rankings of countries’ soft power, Monocle Magazine argued that Britain had displaced the US in the top slot.

The British government is beginning to pay more attention. The 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review and National Security Strategy stressed the value of soft power in response to the problems involving defence cuts, and William Hague, foreign secretary, has argued for the importance of soft power as a “vital component” of the UK’s international role. A House of Lords committee on soft power and the UK’s influence is holding hearings. Certainly, the monarchy should be one of the instruments they examine.

What are the costs and benefits of the monarchy as an instrument of soft power? Next year’s Sovereign Grant for the royal family will be about £36m. Critics complain that this does not fully account for security and travel costs but even if the estimate were doubled, it would be a mere pittance compared with other expenditures in the defence budget. Britain’s relatively few republicans complain that the social costs of anchoring a vestigial aristocratic class system is much more important, but this raises constitutional and political issues that go far beyond soft power.

Soft power – the ability to produce outcomes through attraction rather than coercion or payment – is not a panacea. But neither is hard power, as we discovered in Iraq. If one wishes to depose a regime or roll back an invasion, hard power is necessary. But if one’s objective is to foster democracy or human rights, soft power may be more effective. And in most cases, a smart power strategy depends upon the mutually reinforcing combination of hard and soft-power resources. The cultivation of soft-power resources of legitimacy and goodwill can create a favourable environment.

Promoting attractive images of one’s country is not new but the conditions for trying to create soft power have changed dramatically in recent decades. For one thing, nearly half the countries in the world are now democracies. In such circumstances, diplomacy aimed at public opinion can become as important to outcomes as the traditional classified diplomatic communications among leaders. Information creates power, and today a much larger part of the world’s population has access to that power. Technological advances have led to dramatic reduction in the cost of processing and transmitting information.

The result is an explosion of information, and that has produced a “paradox of plenty.” Plentiful information leads to scarcity of attention. One of the great ironies of this century is that the democratic remains of a once hierarchical monarchy are still a very cost-effective way of attracting attention for Britain today.

The writer is a professor at Harvard University and author of ‘Presidential Leadership and the Creation of the American Era’

请根据你所读到的文章内容，完成以下自测题目：

1.What's the purpose of the first paragraph?

A. To present a brief history of British monarchy.

B. To lament the decline of the British crown.

C. To depict Britain's international influence.

D. To reveal the "soft power" carried by the monarchy.

答案(1)

2.Which one is Professor Nye's point of view of UK-US relationship?

A. American textbooks still depict George III as a villain.

B. 71% of Americans approve of the royal family.

C. The US-UK special relationship has not ended.