高中语法专练：i. 时间状语从句

i. 时间状语从句

1. when, while, as

1）当表示主句的动作正在进行的过程中从句的动作发生了，这时when, while, as可以换用。

He entered the room when/while/as the meeting was going on.

他进入房间时，会议正在进行。

2）当表示两个短动作同时发生时，when= as

As/When Jim finished the speech, the audience burst into applause.

当吉姆结束自己的讲话时，听众们突然发出热烈的掌声。

2. 只能用when的情况：

1）当主句的谓语是was/were doing,从句的动作突然发生时；

I was reading when the bell rang.

我正在读书时突然门铃响了。

2）当主句的谓语是was/were about to do时；

He was about to go when the policeman arrived.

他正要走时，警察来了。

3）当主句的谓语是was/were going to do时；

I was going out when it started to rain.

我正要出去呢，就在这时天下雨了。

4）当主句的谓语是was/were on the point of doing时；

She was on the point of falling asleep when the earthquake happened.

她正要入睡呢，就在这时地震发生了。

5）当主句的谓语是had just done sth.时；

He had just got off the car when it caught fire.

他刚下车，车就着火了。

6）When it comes to ...意为“当提到……时”

When it comes to his childhood, a sweet smile always can be seen on his face.

当提到他的童年的时候，总能看到甜蜜的微笑浮现在他的脸上。

3. 用while的情况

1）while引导的时间状语从句的谓语必须是延续性动词，而不能是非延续性动词。

He fell asleep while he was reading .

他在阅读的时候睡着了。

While she was cooking , I was watching TV.

她在做饭而我在看电视。

Please buy me some postcards while you are in Beijing .

你在北京的时候请给我买几张明信片。

They got married while they were still at university .

他们在上大学的时候结了婚。

2）while可以表示主、从句所言的两种情况相反或相对比，可译为“而，然而”，但此时while引导的不是时间状语从句。

She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact, I was talking about my daughter.

她以为我在谈论她女儿，然而事实上我在谈论我的女儿。

I noticed that Harold's marbles grew fewer and fewer, while the other boys' pockets grew fatter and fatter.

我注意到哈罗德的弹子越来越少，而别的男孩子衣袋却越来越鼓。

4. 只能用as的情况

1）as表示“随着……”之意时；

As the day went on , the weather got worse.

随着日子的一天天过去，天气变得更糟了。

2）as表示“一边……一边”时；

As/while she was milking, she was singing.

她一边挤奶一边唱歌。

3）当表示主从句两个短暂性动作同时发生时;

He fell to the ground just as he reached the school gate.

就在他到达学校门口时摔倒在了地上。

4）与名词连用，表示“在作为……的时候”

As a young man, he was a storekeeper and a postmaster.

年轻的时候，他当过店主和邮政局长。

5. 表示“一……就……”的连词或短语

1）as soon as当主句是一般将来时时，从句必须用一般现在时表示将来。

As soon as I finish my homework , I will watch TV.

我一做完作业就看电视。

2）在hardly ... when/no sooner ... than/scarcely ... when结构中，当hardly/scarcely/no sooner放在句首时，主句必须用倒装语序；主句的时态须用过去完成时，从句须用一般过去时。

Hardly had I entered the room when I heard a loud noise.

我一进房间就听到一声巨响。

No sooner had I got home than I turned on TV.

我一到家就打开电视。

3）the moment/the minute/the second/the instance ...后直接接从句。

The moment he arrives at school, he will telephone me.

他一到学校就会给我打电话。

4）immediately, instantly ...后直接接从句

Every morning we get up immediately/instantly we hear the bell ring.

每天早上我们一听到铃响就起床。

6. every morning/every time/every day/every year（每……）后直接接从句

Every time he comes to Shanghai , he comes to see me.

每次他来上海，都来看我。

7. It was +时间点+ when引导从句

1）it指时间点，时间前无介词，when从句是状语从句；当主句是一般将来时时，when从句用一般现在时。

It was 11 o'clock when I got home last night.

昨天夜里我到家时是十一点。

2）注意： 时间前有介词是强调句。

It was at 11 o'clock that I got home last night.

昨天夜里我正是在十一点到家的。

8. before

1）... before ... could表示“没有来得及做某事就……”，主句经常用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。

He (had) hit me in the face before I could have time to explain to him.

我还没有来得及向他解释呢，他就打了我一耳光。

2）在“it was(not) + 一段时间+ before从句（一般过去时）”结构中，

主句是肯定句时，意为“过多长时间才……”；主句是否定句时，意为“没过多久就……”。

It was 3 days before he came to himself.

过了三天他才苏醒了。

It wasn't long before he realized the mistakes he had made.

没过多久他就认识到自己犯的错误。

3）“it will be (not) +一段时间+before从句（一般现在时）”主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来。

It won't be long before we meet again.

过不了多久我们就会又见面的。

It will be 9 months before she takes the college entrance exam.

再过九个月他就要参加高考了。

9. until

1）（not）... until ...在肯定句中主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词；在否定句中主句的谓语动词经常是非延续性动词，也可以是延续性动词。

He stayed here until he finished his work.

他一直呆在这里直到工作完成。

I didn't go to bed until the TV play was over.

直到电视剧结束了我才睡了。

2）It was not until ... that ...强调从句时，需把not放在从句前面。

It was not until he finished his job that he went home.

直到工作完成了他才回家。

3）not until在句首时，主句要部分倒装。

Not until he finished his speech did he go back to his seat.

直到他讲完了话，才回到了座位上。

4）until相当于till,语气上until更甚于till，当在句首时，只能用until。

Not until he finished his work did he go home.

直到做完了家庭作业他才回家。

10. since

1）since从句总是与时态是现在完成时的主句连用，从句用一般过去时。

He has worked in this school since he came here.

自从他来这里到现在一直在这个学校工作。

2）“It is/has been +一段时间+ since从句”意为 “从……到现在多久了”。

It is ten years since he came here.

自从他来这里到现在已经十年了。

It has been two month since the school started.

自从学校开办到现在已经两个月了。

3）some time has passed since ...表示“从……到现在过去多久了”。

Ten years has passed since he came here.

自从他来这里到现在十年过去了。

—How was the party?

—Wonderful, it's years since I enjoyed myself so much.

——晚会开得怎么样？

——棒极了，好多年都没有这么高兴过了。

11. the first time, the last time, next time, each time相当于连词引导时间状语从句。

The first time I came to Shanghai , I lost my way.

第一次来上海我就迷路了。

Each time I go to Beijing , I go to visit Tiananmen Square.

每次去北京我都要去参观天安门。

12. by the time引导时间状语从句时，主句谓语动词须用完成时态。

By the time he comes back , I will have finished my homework.

到他回来的时候，我将会已经完成了我的作业。

By the time I arrived there , he had left for Shanghai.

到我到达那里的时候，他已经动身去上海了。

13. 时间状语从句的时态一致

1）当主句是一般将来时，时间状语从句必须用一般现在时表示将来。

I will telephone you as soon as I get the news from him.

我一得到来自他的消息就会马上给你打电话。

2）当主句是一般将来时时，若是状语从句强调动作完成，从句也可以用现在完成时。

Don't get off the bus until it has stopped .

公交车停了再下车。

专项练习

1. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners' curiosity _______ he reached the end of the story.

A. when

B. unless

C. after

D. until

2. He transplanted the little tree to the garden _______ it was the best time for it.

A. where

B. when

C. that

D. until

3. He was about to tell me the secret _______ someone patted him on the shoulder.

A. as

B. until

C. while

D. when

4. _______ you understand this rule, you'll have no further difficulty.

A. While

B. Once

C. Though

D. Unless

5. Substances will expand or contract _______ heated or cooled, but this is not the case with water.

A. when they will be

B. if they will be

C. as they being

D. when

6. It will not be long _______ man can harness the solar energy and make it serve mankind.

A. since

B. before

C. when

D. after

7. It was found that although the girl could perceive things with her fingers, this ability ceased, _______ her hands were wet.

A. the moment when

B. the moment

C. in that moment

D. before

8. A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time _______ the guards discovered what had happened.

A. before

B. until

C. since

D. when

9. We hadn't met for 20 years, but I recognized her _______ I saw her.

A. the moment

B. the moment when

C. for the moment

D. at the moment when

10. _______ he entered the university, his English has been much improved.

A. Before

B. After

C. When

D. Since

11. He has been to Beijing for several times _______ he came to China.

A. before

B. when

C. since

D. as

12. I watched him _______ he disappeared from sight in the distance.

A. unless

B. until

C. as

D. when

13. It was going to be some time _______ he would see his parent again.

A. since

B. until

C. when

D. before

14. Many young people rose and shouted _______ the pop singer appeared on the stage.

A. at the moment

B. on seeing

C. the moment

D. when they saw

15. _______ air traffic is closely controlled, flying is relatively safe.

A. Once

B. Unless

C. Although

D. As soon as

16. They had only been married for no more than three months _______ they began to quarrel with each other.

A. since

B. until

C. after

D. before

17. Scarcely had I finished the work _______ I went home.

A. before

B. than

C. as

D. when

18. We were walking down the street _______ he saw one of his old friends.

A. then

B. when

C. so

D. but

19. It _______ he returns to his native land.

A. is long before that

B. is long before

C. won't be long before

D. will be long since

20. _______ the Europeans knew what a compass was, the Chinese had put it into practical use.

A. Before long

B. Long since

C. Long ago

D. Long before

21. _______ on a clear day far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace.

A. Walking

B. When one is walking

C. If walking

D. When walking

22. I thought him a pleasant person to work with _______ I met him.

A. the first time

B. for the first time

C. first time

D. by the first time

23. He has been in hospital _______ he had his right leg broken last month.

A. because

B. when

C. after

D. since

24. _______ he decided to go there alone, none of us can stop him.

A. Once

B. Unless

C. Before

D. Since

25. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _______ it comes to the classroom tests.

A. before

B. as

C. since

D. when

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