高中语法专练：i. 并列主语的主谓一致
i. 并列主语的主谓一致
1. 主谓一致的三原则
1）语法一致的原则：主语和谓语的数在语法形式上是一致的。
We all love our parents.
我们都爱我们的父母。
The girl has found her mother.
那个女孩子找到了她的母亲。
2）就近原则：谓语动词与离其最近的主语在数上保持一致。
There's a pen and three books on the desk.
课桌上面有一支钢笔和三本书。
Is either he or you wrong?
是他还是你错了？
3）意义一致的原则：在意义上主语和谓语动词的单复数是保持一致的。
Her family are all model workers.
她全家都是模范工作者。
Three years in a strange place seems like a long time .
在一个陌生的地方呆三年就好像很长时间。
2. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。但是，当并列主语指同一人、同一物、同一事情或同一概念时，动词用单数形式。
John and Mary are my good friends.
约翰和玛丽是我的好朋友。（主语是两个人）
My desk mate and good friend is Henry.
我的同桌和好朋友是亨利。（主语是同一个人）
The hammer and sickle is hanging on the wall.
党旗挂在墙上。
常见的有：cart and horse, war and peace, needle and thread, coffee and milk, bread and butter, law and order, watch and chain, iron and steel, fork and knife, all work and no play（只工作不娱乐），science and technology, truth and honesty等。
3. 冠词在并列主语中的用法
1）在“并列修饰语+单数名词”结构中，并列主语指同一人或事物时共用一个冠词，主语为单数。
The white and black cat is mine.
那只花猫是我的。
The singer and dancer scholar is coming.
那个歌舞家学者要来了。
The scholar and poet stateman is making a speech.
那位学者兼诗人政治家在发言。
2）and连接两个带冠词的名词时，主语为复数，指不同的人或事物。
The singer and the dancer are talking now.
那位歌唱家和那位舞蹈家现在正在谈话。
The scholar and the poet are making a speech.
那位学者和那位诗人正在发言。
4. 当结构是and + not时，谓语与and前的主语一致。
The farmer and not the businessmen is hurt when food price falls.
当食品价格下落时，是农民而不是商人们受到伤害。
The doll and not the building blocks is her favorite toy.
那个洋娃娃而不是积木是她最钟爱的玩具。
5. 当and连接的并列主语前分别由each, every, no, many a等修饰时，谓语用单数。但是，当each放并列主语之后作同位语时，谓语不受影响。
Many a boy and (many a) girl has seen the film.
很多男孩和女孩都看过这部电影。
No teacher and no student agrees to have classes on Sundays.
没有师生同意星期天上课。
At Christmas each boy and each girl is given a present.
在圣诞节每个孩子都给一份礼物。
The boy and the girl each have a pen.
那个男孩和女孩每人有一支笔。
6. 由both ... and连接两个并列主语时，谓语用复数。
Both rice and wheat grow in this part of China.
中国这个地区生长大米和小麦。
7. 由not only ... but also, not ... but, either ... or, neither ... nor, or连接主语时，谓语的数根据就近原则而定。
Not one, but all, of us are hoping to be there.
我们当中不是一个而是所有人都希望到那里。
No students or their teacher was late for school yesterday.
昨天没有师生上学迟到。
One or two students have been to Shanghai before.
一两个同学以前去过上海。
8. 在疑问句或主谓倒装句子中，谓语与前一个主语一致。
Here is his book and pencils.
这是他的书和铅笔。
Are you or he a student?
是你还是他是学生？
There is one word or two on the blackboard.
黑板上有一两个单词。
9. 由疑问副词并列构成的主语从句，不管疑问词有多少，谓语一律用单数。
When and where we should begin our work has not been decided yet.
我们将要在何时何地开始我们的工作还没有决定。
专项练习
1. Writing stories and poems _______ what I enjoy most.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
2. The factory director and chief engineer _______ an experienced person.
A. is
B. are
C. am
D. was
3. Not only you and I but Peter, the top student in our grade _______ not able to solve the problem.
A. are
B. were
C. is
D. am
4. Neither Jane nor her brothers _______ a consent form for tomorrow's field trip.
A. need
B. needs
C. is needing
D. has need
5. Today there _______ a number of telephone calls from the applications for the position.
A. have been
B. is having
C. has been
D. are to have
6. Many a boy _______ to swim before he can read.
A. learn
B. are learning
C. have learnt
D. learns
7. Not only the whole nation, but the whole Europe, indeed the whole human society _______ to alter its attitude to racial problems.
A. need
B. needs
C. has a need
D. have a need
8. It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he use the tools that _______.
A. make him a scientist
B. made him to be a scientist
C. make him to be scientist
D. makes him a scientist
9. The playwright and director _______ promised to attend our tea party.
A. have
B. has
C. are
D. is
10. The Premier and the Foreign Minister _______ present at the state banquet last night.
A. are
B. was
C. were
D. had a
11. Every policeman and fireman _______ on the alert.
A. have been
B. was
C. are
D. were
12. The linebacker and captain of the team _______ the most valuable player.
A. have been selected
B. has been selected
C. have selected
D. has selected
13. _______ either he or his accountants going to claim for the loss?
A. Are
B. Were
C. Is
D. Does
14. There _______ not only the earth but also eight other planets in the solar system.
A. are
B. were
C. is
D. was
15. Either your teacher or you _______ mistaken.
A. are
B. is
C. has
D. be
16. Not only I but Tom and Mary _______ fond of watching television.
A. am
B. is
C. are
D. be
17. Bacon and scrambled eggs _______ the standard American breakfast.
A. is
B. are
C. is to be
D. are to be
18. When and where to build the new factory _______ yet.
A. has not been decided
B. are to decide
C. has not decided
D. have not decided
19. It is not I but Mr. Green who _______ in charge of the company.
A. is
B. am
C. are
D. will
20. The editor and writer _______ to join our seminar.
A. is to be invited
B. are to be invited
C. is to invite
D. are to invite
答案速查 1-5 AACAA 6—10 DBDBC 11—15 BBCCA 16—20 CBAAA
