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50 动名词的时态和语态 Track48

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2020年08月30日

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50 动名词的时态和语态 Track48

(1)动名词的被动式
1)构成:being done
2)意义与用法:当动名词所修饰的名词或代词在意义上是充当动名词动作的承受者时,或者说是作动名词的逻辑宾语时,动名词要用被动形式。
a. He narrowly escaped being run over . 他差一点就被车轧着了。
b.I have not the least objection to the child being punished .
对这孩子进行惩罚我丝毫不反对。
c. I still remember being taken to the zoo for the first time.
我还记得第一次被带到动物园的情景。
请比较:I remember my parents' taking me to the zoo.
d.Mark often attempts to escape_________whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
A. having been fined
B. to be fined
C. to have been fined
D. being fined
正确答案:D。
此外,也要注意前面说过的,在demand, deserve, need, require, want等动词后面,动名词主动形式表示被动的意思,而不需要用动名词的被动形式。若改接动词不定式,则必须用动词不定式的被动形式。
(2)动名词的完成式
1)构成:having done
2)意义与用法:用动名词完成式表明动名词动作发生在谓语动作之前。
a.He denied having been there.
b.I repented having shot the bird.
c.He regretted not having gone to university.
他很后悔当初没有上大学。
d.I have always regretted_________harder at school.
A. to have not studied
B. not study
C. not having studied
D. not to study
正确答案:C。
e.The man in the corner confessed to_________a lie to the manager of the company.
A. have told
B. be told
C. being told
D. having told
正确答案:D。
(3)动名词的完成被动式
1)构成:having been done
2)意义与用法:兼具完成式和被动式的双重特点。
a.I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.
b.He prided himself on having never been beaten in chess.
他为自己在棋弈上从未被击败而自豪。
c.Our modern civilization must not be thought of as_________in a short period of time.
A. being created
B. to have been created
C. having been created
D. to be created
正确答案:C。

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